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Prologue: The Story of Psychology

Prologue: The Story of Psychology. What is Psychology?. Definition: The science of behavior & mental processes. Outline. Prescientific Psychology Science starts Science develops Psychology’s Big Issues Psychology’s Perspectives Psychology’s Subfields. A. Prescientific Psychology.

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Prologue: The Story of Psychology

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  1. Prologue: The Story of Psychology

  2. What is Psychology? • Definition: • The science of behavior & mental processes

  3. Outline • Prescientific Psychology • Science starts • Science develops • Psychology’s Big Issues • Psychology’s Perspectives • Psychology’s Subfields

  4. A. Prescientific Psychology Questions? 1. Is the mind connected to the body or distinct? 2. Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?

  5. Q2 Q1

  6. A. Prescientific Psychology Philosophers differ in answers: 1. Socrates & Plato – A: A: 2. Aristotle – A: A:

  7. A. Prescientific Psychology Philosophers differ in answers: 3. Descartes A: 4. Locke A:

  8. A. Prescientific Psychology Locke’s ideas led to: Empiricism –

  9. B. Psychological Science Starts • Empiricism • Knowledge comes from experience via the senses • Science flourishes through observation & experiment

  10. B. Psychological Science Starts • Wilhelm Wundt

  11. B. Psychological Science Starts 2 Branches of Psychology “Schools of thought” 1. 2. (later  3. 4. & 5. )

  12. B. Psychological Science Starts 1. Structuralism • Introduced by • used • Smell, taste, listen….. • Unreliable • Humans don’t always know how/why we feel certain way

  13. B. Psychological Science Starts 2. Functionalism • Introduced by • Inspired by Darwin • focused on • Encouraged memories, willpower, habits… • Consciousness serves a purpose –

  14. C. Psychological Science Develops • Wundt-- • Experiments • James-- • Functionalism – • Pavlov-- • Learning & training behavior • Freud-- • controversial • Piaget-- • developmental

  15. C. Psychological Science Develops • Up until 1920’s: defined as • 1920’s – 1960’s: redefined as • 1960’s – today: Define as

  16. C. Psychological Science Develops • Psychology has grown with jobs & interest • 1 of largest fields in college • You need a • majority in field are Figure 1- British Psychological Society membership

  17. D. Psychology’s Big Issues • 1. Nature-nurture controversy

  18. D. Psychology’s Big Issues • 2. Natural Selection • principle that • Charles Darwin theory of • Principle of Biology (evolution)

  19. E. Psychology’s Perspectives • A lot depends on your viewpoint & 1 viewpoint doesn’t show you everything • All perspectives are complementary & don’t have to contradict one another • Psychology use

  20. E. Psychology’s Perspectives

  21. F. Psychology’s Subfields • Psychology is a collection of diverse subfields that include: • 1. Basic Research – Types include: • Biological psychologists – • Developmental psychologists -

  22. F. Psychology’s Subfields • 1. Basic Research – • Types include: • Cognitive psychologists - • Personality psychologists – • Social psychologists -

  23. F. Psychology’s Subfields • 2. Applied Research – • Examples: • A. Industrial/organizational psychologists • B.Clinical psychologists

  24. F. Psychology’s Subfields • 3.Psychiatry – • Practiced by physicians who sometimes use medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychotherapy

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