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PRAGMATICS – George Yule

PRAGMATICS – George Yule. Deixis and Distance. Before that…. . QUIZ!!!. What is pragmatics? Give example of pragmatics phenomenon! How pragmatics help you in understanding language phenomenon around you? What is pragmatics Competence? How to upgrade you pragmatics competence.

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PRAGMATICS – George Yule

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  1. PRAGMATICS – George Yule

  2. Deixis and Distance

  3. Before that…. 

  4. QUIZ!!!

  5. What is pragmatics? • Give example of pragmatics phenomenon! • How pragmatics help you in understanding language phenomenon around you? • What is pragmatics Competence? • How to upgrade you pragmatics competence

  6. Deixis and Distance

  7. 2.DEIXIS and DISTANCE • DEIXIS: “pointingvialangauge” Toaccomplishthispointingwe use deicticexpressionsorindexicals. i.e: “What’sthat?” (usedtoindicatesth. in theimmediatecontext.)

  8. 2.DEIXIS and DISTANCE Deicticexpressionsdependonthespeaker and hearersharingthesamespatialcontext, in face-to facespokeninteraction.

  9. Deixis is reference by means of an expression whose interpretation is relative to the (usually) extra linguistic context of the utterance

  10. Extra Linguistic Context of The Utterance • who is speaking • the time or place of speaking • the gestures of the speaker • the current location in the discourse

  11. Types of deixis • Person deixis: usedtopointpeople. (me, you) • Spatial deixis: usedtopointlocation (here, there). • Temporal dexis: usedtopointlocation in time (now, then). i.e: “I’llputthishere, ok?”

  12. PERSON DEIXIS There are 3 categories: • SPEAKER (I) • ADDRESSEE (YOU) • OTHERS (HE- SHE-IT- THEY) SOCIAL DEIXIS: formsusedtoindicaterelative social status. In manylanguagesdeicticcategoriesbecomemarkers of relative social status. HONORIFICS: expressionsthatmarkthattheaddresseeis of higher status.

  13. Examples of SOCIAL DEIXIS In Spanishthe“Tú”- “Usted” distinction. • Thechoice of oneformwillcommunicatesomething, notdirectlysaid, aboutthespeaker’sview of hisrelationwiththeaddressee. • Thehigher, older and more powerful speaker willtendto use the “tú” and viceversa. • Nowadays, theagedistinctionremains more powerfulthantheeconomicdistinction in manycountries.

  14. Usingthe 3rdpersonform • Communicatesdistance and non-familiarity. Also, it has anironicorhumorouspurpose. i.e: Wouldhishighnesslikesomecoffee? • Alsousedtomakeaccusations: “Somebodydidn’tclean up afterhimself” (lessdirectthan “Youdidn’tclean”

  15. SPATIAL DEIXIS FormsusedtopointtoLOCATION i.e: “Here” and “There” “Come” and “Go” PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCE Whenspeakersmarkhowcloseordistantsomethingisperceivedtobe. i.e: “Thatmanoverthere” impliespsychologicaldistance. DEICTIC PROJECTION: whenspeakersact as ifthey are somewhereelse. i.e: “I´mnotherenow.” (telephoneanswering machine) Recordingis a performance for a futureaudience in which I project my presencetobe in therequiredlocation.

  16. TEMPORAL DEIXIS Formsusedtopointtolocationin time. i.e: “now” - “then” In contrasttonow, the distal expressionthenappliestobothpast and future time relativetothespeaker’spresent time. i.e: “I was in Scotlandthen” “I’llseeyouthen”

  17. DEIXIS AND GRAMMAR Thedistinctionsforperson, spatial, and temporal deixis can beseen at work in Englishgrammarstructuressuch as DIRECT and INDIRECT (reported)SPEECH. i.e: Are youplanningtobeherethisevening? – I askedher.

  18. REPORTED FORM • I askedherifshewasplaningtobetherethatevening There’ s a shiftfromthe “near speaker” meaning of directspeechtothe “awayfrom speaker” meaning of reportedspeech, withthe use of DISTAL DEICTIC forms.

  19. Near speaker  proximal terms ( this, here, now) Away from speaker  distal terms(that, there, then)

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