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Skeletal organization

Skeletal organization. Axial Skeleton Skull Hyoid bone Vertebral column Thorax Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral girdle Upper limbs Pelvic girdle Lower limbs. Axial Skeleton. Longitudinal axis of body 80 bones Strong r estricted movement. Functions of Axial Skeleton.

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Skeletal organization

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  1. Skeletal organization • Axial Skeleton • Skull • Hyoid bone • Vertebral column • Thorax • Appendicular Skeleton • Pectoral girdle • Upper limbs • Pelvic girdle • Lower limbs

  2. Axial Skeleton • Longitudinal axis of body • 80 bones • Strong • restricted movement

  3. Functions of Axial Skeleton • Support and protect organs • Attach to muscles that support head, neck, and trunk • Attach to breathing muscles • Attach to muscles of appendicular skeleton

  4. Skull • 8 cranial bones • 14 facial bones • Bones associated with skull • 6 auditory • Hyoid bone • Vertebral Column • 24 vertebrae • Sacrum • Coccyx (tail bone) • Thoracic Cage • 24 ribs • Sternum

  5. The skull

  6. The skull • 22 bones of the skull • 8 cranial bones • Encloses and protects the brain • Provide attachment for muscles • Air-filled sinuses to reduce weight • 14 facial bones • 7 Associated Bones • Infantile Skull • Incompletely developed • Fontanels: soft spots that aid for birth

  7. The Skull Bones: CRANIUM • 8 Cranial bones • Occipital • Foramen magnum • Parietal • 2- Right and Left • Frontal • Temporal • 2-Right and left • Mastoid Process • Sphenoid • Ethmoid

  8. The Skull Bones: SUTURES OF THE CRANIUM • 8 Cranial bones • Coronal Suture • Mid-Sagittal Suture • Lambdoidal Suture • Squamous Suture

  9. The Skull Bones: FACIAL • 14 Facial bones • 2 each for the following (Rt/Lt): • Maxilla • Palatine • Nasal • Inferior Nasal Concha • Zygomatic • Lacrimal • 1 of the following: • Mandible • Vomer

  10. The Skull Bones: ASSOCIATED BONES • 7 Associated bones • 6 Auditory ossicles • Found within temporal bone • External Auditory Canal • Malleus (hammer) • Incus (anvil) • Stapes (stirrup) • 1 Hyoid bone

  11. The vertebral column

  12. The vertebral column • Stretches from skull to pelvis • Composed of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs • Cervical (C1-C7) • Smallest of all • Comprise the neck • Atlas • Axis • Thoracic (T1-T12) • Articulate with the ribs • Lumbar (L1-L5) • Largest of all • Support the weight of the body • Sacrum (5 fused) • Coccyx

  13. 5 regions of Vertebral Column

  14. Vertebrae Components Scoliosis Kyphotic Lordosis

  15. General Vertebral Anatomy

  16. Different vertebrae

  17. Sacrum and Coccyx

  18. Thoracic cage

  19. Thoracic cage • Ribs • 12 total ribs • 7 true rubs • Directly articulate with the sternum • 5 false ribs • Do not articulate with the sternum • 2 are floating

  20. Function of Thoracic Cavity • Protection of heart, lungs, and others • Attachment of muscles for respiration, vertebral column, pectoral girdle, and upper limbs

  21. Thoracic cage • Sternum • Anterior midline of thoracic cage • 3 parts • Manubrium • Body • Xiphoid process

  22. Sternum Manubrium Articulates with collar Bone and first rib Attaches to ribs 2-7 Attaches to diaphragm and an abdominal muscle

  23. Angle Tubercle Neck Head (Vertebral end) Tubercular Body Sternal End (attaches to Costal Cartilage)

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