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Klaus Jungmann, Physics at a Megawatt Proto Source, CERN 25 May 2004

Klaus Jungmann, Physics at a Megawatt Proto Source, CERN 25 May 2004 Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions. Physics at a Megawatt Proton Source, CERN, May 25-27, 2004. Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions. Klaus Jungmann, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut,Groningen. What is Fundamental

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Klaus Jungmann, Physics at a Megawatt Proto Source, CERN 25 May 2004

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  1. Klaus Jungmann, Physics at a Megawatt Proto Source, CERN 25 May 2004 Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  2. Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  3. Physics at a Megawatt Proton Source, CERN, May 25-27, 2004 Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions Klaus Jungmann, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut,Groningen • What is Fundamental • Forces and Symmetries • Fundamental Fermions • Discrete Symmetries • Properties of Known Basic Interactions • ~ 1GeV versus ~ 30 GeV proton driver •  only scratching some examples

  4. Physics at a Megawatt Proton Source, CERN, May 25-27, 2004 Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions Klaus Jungmann, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut,Groningen Drawing on : • Work of NuPECC Long Range Plan Working group on Fundamental Interactions, 2003 : K. Jungmann (NL), H. Abele (D), L. Corradi (I), P. Herczeg (USA), I.B. Khriplovich (RU), O. Nviliat (F), N. Severijns (B), L. Simons (CH), C. Weinheimer (D), H.W. Wilschut (NL) H. Leeb (A), C. Bargholtz (S) Assisted by: W. Heil, P. Indelicato, F. Maas, K. Pachucki, R.G Timmermans, C. Volpe, K. Zuber • NSAC Long Range Plan 2002 • EURISOL Physics Case 2004

  5. of NuPECC working group 2003 Recommendations Physics Topics • Theoretical Support • Positions at Universities • Experimentalists and Theorists • High Power Proton Driver • Several MW • Target Research • Cold and Ultracold Neutrons • Low Energy Radioactive Beams • Improved Trapping Facilities • Underground Facilities Adequate Environment Human resources Facilities • The Nature of Neutrinos • Oscillations/ Masses/ 0n2b-decay • T and CP Violation • edm’s, D (R) coeff. in b-decays, D0 • Rare and Forbidden Decays • 0n2b-decay, n-nbar, M-Mbar, meg, • m 3e, m N N e • Correlations in b-decay • non V-A in b-decay • Unitarity of CKM-Matrix • n-, p-b, (superallowed b), K-decays • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Cs, Fr, Ra, Ba+, Ra+ • CPT Conservation • n, e, p, m • Precision Studies within The Standard Model • Constants, QCD,QED, Nuclear Structure Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  6. Relating to a MW Proton Machine Recommendations Physics Topics • Theoretical Support • Positions at Universities • Experimentalists and Theorists • High Power Proton Driver • Several MW • Target Research • Cold and Ultracold Neutrons • Low Energy Radioactive Beams • Improved Trapping Facilities • Underground Facilities Adequate Environment Human resources Facilities • The Nature of Neutrinos • Oscillations/ Masses/ 0n2b-decay • T and CP Violation • edm’s, D (R) coeff. in b-decays, D0 • Rare and Forbidden Decays • 0n2b-decay, n-nbar, M-Mbar, meg, • m 3e, m N N e • Correlations in b-decay • non V-A in b-decay • Unitarity of CKM-Matrix • n-, p-b, (superallowed b), K-decays • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Cs, Fr, Ra, Ba+, Ra+ • CPT Conservation • n, e, p,m • Precision Studies within The Standard Model • Constants, QCD,QED, Nuclear Structure Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  7. fundamental := “ forming a foundation or basis, a principle, law etc. serving as a basis” [Webbster’s New World] What are we concerned with ? • Physicists in general: have always a tendency to put their own activities as fundamental renormalization of meaning • Albert Einstein: > I would like to know how God has made the world. I am notinterested inone or another phenomenon, notinterested in thespectrum ofone or another element. I would like to knowHis Thoughts, everything else are just details.<  resembles literal meaning, i.e. basic, not deducible law Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  8. ? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  9. Forces and Symmetries • Local Symmetries  Forces • fundamental interactions • Global Symmetries  Conservation Laws • energy • momentum • electric charge • lepton number • baryon number • ….. ? What are we concerned with ? fundamental := “ forming a foundation or basis a principle, law etc. serving as a basis” Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  10. Standard Model • 3 Fundamental Forces • ElectromagneticWeak Strong • 12 Fundamental Fermions • Quarks, Leptons • 13 Gauge Bosons • g,W+, W-, Z0, H, 8 Gluons ? What are we concerned with ? fundamental := “ forming a foundation or basis a principle, law etc. serving as a basis” • However • many open questions • Why 3 generations ? • Why some 30 Parameters? • Why CP violation ? • Why us? • ….. • Gravitynot included • No Combind Theory of • Gravity and Quantum Mechanics Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  11. Gravitation Gravitation Electro - Electro - Magnetism Magnetism Magnetism Magnetism Maxwell Electricity Electricity ? ? Physics within the Standard Model Glashow, Salam, t'Hooft, Veltman,Weinberg Weak Weak Electro - Weak Electro - Weak Standard Model Standard Model Strong Strong Grand Grant Unification Unification not yet known? not yet known? Fundamental Interactions – Standard Model Physics outside Standard Model Searches for New Physics Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  12. Fundamental Fermions • Neutrinos • Neutrino Oscillations • Neutrino Masses • Quarks • Unitarity of CKM Matrix • Rare decays • Baryon Number • Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour • New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  13. Fundamental Fermions • Neutrinos • Neutrino Oscillations • Neutrino Masses • Quarks • Unitarity of CKM Matrix • Rare decays • Baryon Number • Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour • New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  14. Superkamiokande SNO Neutrino-Experiments • Recent observations could be explained by oscillations of massive neutrinos. • Many Remaining Problems • really oscillations ? • sensitive to Dm2 • Masses of Neutrino • Nature of Neutrino • Dirac • Majorana •  Neutrinoless Double b-Decay • Direct Mass Measurements • are indicated  Spectrometer • Long Baseline Experiments • new neutrino detectors ? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  15. Direction sensitivity for • low energies ? • Air shower ? • Salt Domes ? Neutrino-Experiments Are there new detection schemes ? • Water Cherenkov • Scintillators Only for Non- Accelerator Neutrinos ? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  16. Fundamental Fermions • Neutrinos • Neutrino Oscillations • Neutrino Masses • Quarks • Unitarity of CKM Matrix • Rare decays • Baryon Number • Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour • New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  17. CKM Matrix couples weak and mass quark eigenstaes: Often found: 0.221(6) 0.9739(5) Nuclear b-decays D = 0.0032 (14) ? Unitarity: -D • Neutron decay • = 0.0083(28) • = 0.0043(27) -D Unitarity of Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix If you pick your favourite Vus ! Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  18. Experimental Possibilities Nuclear b-decays D = 0.0032 (14) ? • Neutron decay • = 0.0083(28) • = 0.0043(27) Unitarity of Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  19. Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  20. CKM Unitarity • May relate to New Physics • Heavy Quark Mixing, Z‘,Extra Dimensions, Charged Higgs, • SUSY, exotic muon decays, ... , more generations ! • Unfortunatetly: Situation is a mess ! • Vud :superallowed b-decays 0.9740(3)(4) • neutron decay 0.9729(4)(11)(4) • pion-b decay 0.9737(39)(2) • Vus : Hyperons D = 0.0019 (16) • K+e3 D = 0.0014 (17) • K0e3 D = 0.0054 (14)Problem ! • What can be done? • Improve reliability of experiments independently pion- b decay (theory clean!) , neutron- decay • Analyse existing K data, K3e experiments • Search for exotic muon decays • Improve Theory Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  21. Fundamental Fermions • Neutrinos • Neutrino Oscillations • Neutrino Masses • Quarks • Unitarity of CKM Matrix • Rare decays • Baryon Number • Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour • New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  22. Muon Physics Possibilities at Any High Power Proton Driver i.e.  4 MW Muon Experiments Possible at a CERN Neutrino Factory - Expected Improvements Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  23. Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  24. Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  25. Fundamental Fermions • Neutrinos • Neutrino Oscillations • Neutrino Masses • Quarks • Unitarity of CKM Matrix • Rare decays • Baryon Number • Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour • New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  26. Vector [Tensor] Scalar [Axial vector] b+ ne b+ ne New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay In Standard Model: Weak Interaction is V-A In general b-decay could be also S , P, T Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  27. Discrete Symmetries • Parity • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Nuclear Anapole Moments • Parity Violation in Electron-Scattering • Time Reversal and CP-Violation • Electric Dipole Moments • R and D Coefficients in b-Decay • CPT Invariance Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  28. Discrete Symmetries • Parity • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Nuclear Anapole Moments • Parity Violation in Electron-Scattering • Time Reversal and CP-Violation • Electric Dipole Moments • R and D Coefficients in b-Decay • CPT Invariance Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  29. Beautiful confirmation of Standard Model in the past ! • Only little chances to contribute to forefront (except leptoquark scenarios) • Usefull for measureing neutron distributions • Usefull to explore e.g. anapole moments Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  30. Discrete Symmetries • Parity • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Nuclear Anapole Moments • Parity Violation in Electron-Scattering • Time Reversal and CP-Violation • Electric Dipole Moments • R and D Coefficients in b-Decay • CPT Invariance Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  31. 1.610-27 • • 199Hg Radium potential Start TRIP de (SM) < 10-37 Some EDM Experiments compared Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  32. EDMs – Where do they come from ?(are they just “painted“ to particles? Why different experiments? ) • electron intrinsic ? • quark intrinsic ? • muon second generation different ? • neutron/ proton from quark EDM ? property of strong interactions ? new interactions ? • deuteron basic nuclear forces CP violating? pion exchange ? • 6Li many body nuclear mechanism ? • heavy nuclei (e.g. Ra, Fr) enhancement by CP-odd nuclear forces, nuclear “shape“ • atoms can have large enhancement, sensitive to electron or nucleus EDMs • molecules large enhancement factors , sensitive to electron EDM • ..... Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  33. How does a ring edm experiment work ? • Exploit huge motional electric fields for relativistic particles in high magnetic fields • stop g-2 precession • observe spin rotation • Concept works • also for (certain) • Nuclei: d, 6Li, 213Fr, . . N+ N+ N+ One needs for a successful experiment: • polarized, fast beam • magnetic storage ring • polarimeter For muons exploit decay asymmetry • One could use -decay • In general: any sensitive polarimeter works N+ Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  34. Some Candidate Nuclei Nucleus Spin J /N Reduced Anomaly a T 1/2 13957La 7/2 +2.789 -0.0305 12351Sb 7/2 2.550 -0.1215 13755Cs 7/2 +2.8413 0.0119 30y 22387Fr 3/2 +1.17 <0.02 22 min 63Li 1 +0.8220 -0.1779 21H 1 +0.8574 -0.1426 7532Ge 1/2 +0.510 +0.195 82.8 m 15769Tm 1/2 +0.476 0.083 3.6 m Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  35. TimeReversalViolationin -decay: Correlation measurements • R andDtestboth Time Reversal Violation • D most potential • R scalar and tensor (EDM, a) • technique D measurements yield a, A, b, B Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  36. Discrete Symmetries • Parity • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Nuclear Anapole Moments • Parity Violation in Electron-Scattering • Time Reversal and CP-Violation • Electric Dipole Moments • R and D Coefficients in b-Decay • CPT Invariance Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  37. Lepton Magnetic Anomalies in CPT and Lorentz Non - Invariant Models | | - m m - 0 0 18 CPT tests K K = £ r 10 K m 0 K - - | g g | | a a | - + - + - - 3 12 e e e e = = × × £ × r 1.2 10 2 10 e g a avg avg ? ? Are they comparable - Which one is appropriate • often quoted: • K0- K0 mass difference (10-18) • e- - e+ g- factors (2* 10-12) • We need an interaction • with a finite strength! Use common ground, e.g. energies Þ generic CPT and Lorentz violating DIRAC equation 1 n μ μ μ μν μ μ ν ψ - - - - + + = (i γ D m a γ b γ γ H σ ic γ D id γ γ D ) 0 μ μ μ 5 μν μν μν 5 2 º ¶ - iD i qA m μ μ a , b break CPT a , b , c , d , H break Lorentz Invariance μ μ μ μ μν μν μν Leptons in External Magnetic Field - + l l l = - » - Δω ω ω 4b a a a 3 - + l l - | E E | Δω h spin up spin down a = » r l - 2 l m c E l spin up 57 Bluhm , Kostelecky, Russell, Phys. Rev. D ,3932 (1998) For g - 2 Experiments : - | a a | ω h = × c - + l l r l 2 a m c avg l Dehmelt, Mittleman,Van Dyck, Schwinberg, hep - ph/9906262 Þ - - 21 24 £ × £ × r 1.2 10 r 3.5 10 electron muon μ e : : CPT– Violation Lorentz Invariance Violation • What is best CPT test ? • New Ansatz (Kostelecky) • K0  10-18 GeV/c2 • n  10-30 GeV/c2 • p  10-24 GeV/c2 • e 10-27 GeV/c2 • m 10-23GeV/c2 • Future: • Anti hydrogen 10-18 GeV/c2 Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  38. CPT and Lorentz Invariance from Muon Experiments Muonium: new interaction below 2* 10-23 GeV Muon g-2: new interaction below 4* 10-22 GeV (CERN) 15 times better expected from BNL V.W. Hughes et al., Phys.Rev. Lett. 87, 111804 (2001) Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  39. Properties of Known Basic Interactions • Electromagnetism and Fundamental Constants • QED, Lamb Shift • Muonium and Muon g-2 • Muonic Hydrogen and Proton Radius • Exotic Atoms • Does aQED vary with time? • QCD • Strong Interaction Shift • Scattering Lengths • Gravity • Hints of strings/Membranes? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  40. Properties of Known Basic Interactions • Electromagnetism and Fundamental Constants • QED, Lamb Shift • Muonium and Muon g-2 • Muonic Hydrogen and Proton Radius • Exotic Atoms • Does aQED vary with time? • QCD • Strong Interaction Shift • Scattering Lengths • Gravity • Hints of strings/Membranes? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  41. Muon g-2 “Proton Radius” Muonic Hydrogen Lamb Shift Newest Theory Offer: 2.4 s from Experiment Strong Interaction Shift Pionic Hydrogen Properties of known Basic Interactions • Search for New Physics • What are the hardronic corrections? • e++e- hadrons • e++e- g + hadrons • New activities Planned • statistics limited experiment • J-PARC, BNL • Fundamental constants needed • Muonium Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  42. Properties of Known Basic Interactions • Electromagnetism and Fundamental Constants • QED, Lamb Shift • Muonium and Muon g-2 • Muonic Hydrogen and Proton Radius • Exotic Atoms • Does aQED vary with time? • QCD • Strong Interaction Shift • Scattering Lengths • Gravity • Hints of strings/Membranes? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  43. Time Variation of a Idea (Webb, Flambaum et al.): Relativistic Corrections to atomic level energies DErel  Za2[(j+1/2)-1 -C(j,l)] i.e. > 0 or < 0, depending on atom and state • New Atomic Physics laboratory experiments: • a ‘stable‘ at this level • Observation may be due to not understood astrophysics. • Nevertheless: • Are other Constants and Ratios of Constants stable in time? • Are the parameters of fundamental fermion families stable ? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  44. Properties of Known Basic Interactions • Electromagnetism and Fundamental Constants • QED, Lamb Shift • Muonium and Muon g-2 • Muonic Hydrogen and Proton Radius • Exotic Atoms • Does aQED vary with time? • QCD • Strong Interaction Shift • Scattering Lengths • Gravity • Hints of strings/Membranes? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  45. Standing Waves of Ultra Cold Neutrons in a gravitational field Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  46. Standing Waves of Ultra Cold Neutrons Non Newtonian Gravity Grenoble Gatchina Heidelberg Cern Best Test 1 to 5 mm Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  47. Recommendations Physics Topics High power Proton Driver ~ 1GeV 30 GeV          - -     • The Nature of Neutrinos • Oscillations/ Masses/ 0n2b-decay • T and CP Violation • edm’s, D (R) coeff. in b-decays, D0 • Rare and Forbidden Decays • 0n2b-decay, n-nbar, M-Mbar, meg, • m 3e, m N N e • Correlations in b-decay • non V-A in b-decay • Unitarity of CKM-Matrix • n-, p-b, (superallowed b), K-decays • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Cs, Fr, Ra, Ba+, Ra+ • CPT Conservation • n, e, p,m • Precision Studies within The Standard Model • Constants, QCD,QED, Nuclear Structure Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  48. Conclusion Particle Physics –Nuclear Physics ? • Gregory Breit, • when asked at Yale whether a new colleague should be • an atomic theorist, a nuclear theorist, an astrophyscist • or work in the then new field of particle physics: • > There are only Good Theorists and bad ones < • Accordingly: • It‘s time to build jointly a powerfull machine to serve Good Physics. A Megawatt Proton Driver has a Large Potential to serve Good Physics, particularly in the merging fields of nuclear, particle and astro-physics. Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  49. Thank YOU ! Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

  50. Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source

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