1. Unit 2 Comprehensive Questions (Unit 1 Review Test)

2. The process in which protein channels are used to move specific types of molecules through a cell membrane is called • A)passive transport • B) homeostatic movement • C)facilitated diffusion • D)endocytosis

3. C)facilitated diffusion

4. Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is NOT true? • A)prokaryotes grow and reproduce • B)prokaryotes can have internal membranes • C)prokaryotes do not store their genetic material in a nucleus • D)prokaryotes are capable of movement

5. B)prokaryotes can have internal membranes

6. Why is osmosis an example of passive transport and not active transport? • A)osmosis requires energy and passive transport requires energy • B)osmosis does not require energy and passive transport does not require energy • C)osmosis is the movement of particles and active transport is the movement of water • D)osmosis is the facilitated diffusion of water and passive transport is the facilitated diffusion of water

7. B)osmosis does not require energy and passive transport does not require energy

8. The contraction of muscle cells requires the chemical breakdown of ATP into ADP, which releases energy. What type of compound lowers the activation energy required to start the breakdown of ATP? • A)nucleic acid • B)a lipid • C)an enzyme • D)a simple sugar

9. C)an enzyme

10. Cells exchange materials with their surroundings through both active and passive transport. Which of the following is a passive process that cells use to pass oxygen and CO2 across the cell membrane? • A)diffusion • B)endocytosis • C)respiration • D)osmosis

11. A)diffusion

12. A characteristic common to eukaryotic cells but not found in prokaryotic cells is the • A)cell membrane • B)presence of DNA • C)use of ribosomes for protein synthesis • D)presence of mitochondria

13. D)presence of mitochondria

14. Plant leaf cells contain chloroplasts, ribosomes, mitochondria, and nuclei. Which organelle in the plant leaf cell lacks a membrane? • A)chloroplast • B)ribosome • C)mitochondrion • D)nucleus

15. B)ribosome

16. Which part of the cell can be used to determine the cell is eukaryotic and not prokaryotic? • A)ribosomes • B)nucleus • C)cytoplasm • D)cell wall

17. B)nucleus

18. Endocytosis and exocytosis are two types of the process known as • A)diffusion • B)osmosis • C)active transport • D)facilitated diffusion

19. C)active transport

20. Which statement best distinguishes between the rough ER and the golgi apparatus? • A)both structures move materials, but the golgi apparatus primarily makes materials • B)both structures produce energy, but the golgi apparatus also stores information • C)the rough ER produces energy, and the golgi apparatus stores waste products • D)the rough ER produces materials, the golgi apparatus packages and ships materials

21. D)the rough ER produces materials, the golgi apparatus packages and ships materials

22. Unit 3 Comprehensive Questions

23. Laurel uses the parts of a city to represent the different organelles. Which part of a city is the best comparison for mitochondria? • A   storage units • B   city planning offices • C   streets and highways • D   power plants

24. D   power plants

25. Use the partial reaction equation to answer the question.6CO2+6H2O+energy from sunlightThe input energy in photosynthesis comes from sunlight. When cellular respiration transforms the energy stored by photosynthesis, what form does the energy take? • A   light • B   electrical current • C   bonds in ATP • D   vibrations in sugar molecules

26. C   bonds in ATP

27. During which process does a cell convert ADP to ATP? • A   capturing energy that was previously contained in a sugar molecule • B   using energy to build a new protein • C   making an RNA molecule from a DNA template • D   moving water from one side of a membrane to the other

28. A   capturing energy that was previously contained in a sugar molecule

29. Which statement describes a property of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? • A   ATP is produced by mitochondria. • B   Proteins are produced by ribosomes. • C   DNA is in the form of a loop. • D   DNA is surrounded by a membrane.

30. B   Proteins are produced by ribosomes.

31. Darnell views living red blood cells on a slide in a microscope. He adds a drop of a 10% salt solution to generate a hypertonic environment. Which statement best describes what happens to the red blood cells? • A   The cells swell because water moves into the cells. • B   The cells shrink because water moves into the cells. • C   The cells swell because water moves out of the cells. • D   The cells shrink because water moves out of the cells.

32. D   The cells shrink because water moves out of the cells.

33. Ben drew this diagram after viewing a euglena through a microscope. Which aspect of the euglena provides the best indication that this is a eukaryotic cell?A   The euglena uses a flagellum to move. B   The euglena uses chlorophyll to produce food. C   The euglena has a cell membrane.D   The euglena has a membrane-bound nucleus.

34. D   The euglena has a membrane-bound nucleus.

35. The food web shows part of the Yellowstone ecosystem after wolves were totally eliminated by human hunting. Later, wolves were reintroduced into the ecosystem. Wolves prefer to hunt elk. What is the most likely effect of the reintroduction of wolves on the other organisms in the ecosystem?A   The populations of elk, aspens, willows, beavers, insects, and birds would all decline. B   The population of elk would decline, and the populations of aspens, willows, beavers, insects, and birds would all increase. C   The populations of elk, beavers, and insects would decline, and the populations of willows, aspens, and birds would all increase. D   The population of elk would increase, and the populations of willows, beavers, insects, and birds would all decline.

36. B   The population of elk would decline, and the populations of aspens, willows, beavers, insects, and birds would all increase.

37. A transport protein in a cell actively transports a molecule across the cell membrane as shown. Which chemical provides the energy for this process? A   ADPB   ATP C   sugar D   amino acid

38. B   ATP

39. In a plant cell, chloroplasts and mitochondria produce the energy needed for the plant to live and grow. What materials, represented by the X in the diagram, are used by a mitochondrion during respiration?A   glucose and oxygen B   carbon dioxide and water C   glucose and water D   carbon dioxide and glucose

40. A   glucose and oxygen

41. Based on these equations and your knowledge of trees, what important effect has the logging of forests had on Earth’s atmosphere?A   an increase in water vapor in the airB   an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide C   an increase in atmospheric oxygen D   an increase in energy available in the air

42. B   an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide

43. Unit 4 Comprehensive Questions

44. Which statement correctly describes how DNA differs from RNA? • A   DNA has two strands. • B   DNA codes for proteins. • C   DNA forms ribosomal subunits. • D   DNA has a sugar-phosphate backbone

45. A   DNA has two strands.

46. In guinea pigs, black hair (B) is dominant to white hair (b). If a heterozygous black guinea pig is crossed with a white guinea pig, which genotypic ratio is expected? • A   0BB : 2Bb : 2bb • B   1BB : 2Bb : 1bb • C   2BB : 0Bb : 2bb • D   2BB : 2Bb : 0bb

47. A   0BB : 2Bb : 2bb

48. Enzymes are involved in chemical reactions within cells. The graph shows the results of an investigation of a reaction that occurs in the human body. According to the graph, what increases when the enzyme is present?A   the temperature required for the reaction B   the rate of the reaction C   the energy released by the reaction D   the activation energy for the reaction

49. B   the rate of the reaction

50. Hurler’s syndrome results from a specific enzyme deficiency caused by a defective gene. According to this pedigree, which relatives of the child with Hurler’s must be carriers of the defective gene?A   both parents B   the father and his father C   both grandmothers D   the mother and her mother