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Understanding the Periodic Table of Elements: Patterns and Properties

This section delves into the organization of the periodic table of elements (PTOE), highlighting key contributions by Mendeleev and others in identifying patterns among the properties of elements. It covers the arrangement of elements by atomic mass and the significance of groups and periods, emphasizing the differences between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Students will explore how the periodic table organizes elements based on their properties, trends in electronic configurations, and the historical origins of chemical symbols. Understanding these concepts will illuminate the relationships between elements.

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Understanding the Periodic Table of Elements: Patterns and Properties

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  1. Chapter 5 – Our one and only friend …. PTOE

  2. Section 1 – Arranging the Elements • __________________ = noticed patterns among the properties of elements, arranged them by atomic mass -___________ regular, repeating pattern - Recognized there were missing elements and his predictions of their locations and properties was amazingly accurate - Called the ___________ of the modern PTOE

  3. If Mendeleev is the Father than this person has to be the uncle = ____________________ - Re-arranged the PTOE by _________________ ________________

  4. ____________ = found to the left of zig-zag line - ________ electrons in the outer energy level (shell / cloud) - _________ at room temp., except for 1 (Hg = _________________) - List some properties of these 1) 2) 3)

  5. ____- _________ = right of the zig-zag line - Almost ____________ set of e- in outer energy level - More than ½ are________ at room temp. - List some properties of these 1) 2) 3)

  6. __________________ = are the zig-zag line - aka __________________________ - _______ a complete set of e- in outer level - Properties of ________ metals and nonmetals

  7. __________ ____________ = - Each element is identified using a chemical symbol - Usually one or two letters - Trends of symbols 1)_______ letter 2) first _____ letters 3) _______ and _______ letters 4) letter of word other than English

  8. Ferrum = Latin for Iron, symbol  _____ • Kalium = Latin for Potassium, symbol  _____ • Natrium = Latin for Salt, symbol  _____ • Argentum = Latin for Silver, symbol  _____ • Aurum = Latin for Gold, symbol  _____ • Cuprum = Latin for Copper, symbol  _____ • Plumbum = Latin for Lead, symbol  _____ • Stannum = Latin for Tin, symbol  _____ • Hydrargyros = Greek for silver water (Mercury), symbol  _____

  9. _____________ = horizontal row, properties form a repeating (periodic) pattern - What does this number tell you? • _____________ = vertical column, similar properties - What does this number tell you?

  10. Section 2 – Grouping the Elements • _____________ = gaseous nonmetal - 1 e-, 1 proton & 0 neutrons - __________ element - most _________ element in the universe

  11. __________ ___________ = Group # 1 Li, Na, K … - _________ in outer shell & atomic numbers are odd - All _________ and solids - Very ____________ and form salts-17 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft4E1eCUItI

  12. ______________-_________ ___________ = Group # 2 Be, Mg, Ca … - All __________ and solids - Atomic #s are _________ - ________ in outer shell - Very __________, but not as much as Group 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUbjn3ix3ds (just first 2 minutes of video)

  13. __________________ ___________ = Groups 3 – 12 - ____ or ____ in outer shell, WHY?  Because __________________________________ - Properties vary widely and not as reactive as Group 1 or 2

  14. Groups 13 – 16: Groups w / Metalloids • Group 13 = ______________ group - B, Al, Ga … - ______ in outer shell - Kind of _______________ - All _________ at room temperature - Most common = _______

  15. Group 14 = ________________ group - C, Si, Pb, Sn … -_______ in outer shell - Reactivity ______ - All 3 types of elements - All _________ at room temperature

  16. Group 15 = ________________ group - N, P, As … - _______ in outer shell - Reactivity ________ - All but ___ are solid at room temperature - N makes up ______ of air - P so reactive that it is only found combined with other elements

  17. Group 16 = ________________ grou - O, S, Se … - _______ in outer shell - All 3 kinds of elements - All solid except _____ - O makes up _____ of air

  18. Group 17 & 18: Nonmetals Only • Group 17 = _________________ - F, Cl, Br … - 7 e- in outer shell - Contains all 3 __________ ___ _______ - All _______________ - Combine with Group _____ to form salts - Very _____________ - All end w / - _________ - Some are _________________________

  19. Group 18 = _______________ ________ - He, Ne, Ar … - _______ in outer shell = a full outer shell (He is oddball – for 2 reasons) - All __________ that end in – ______ - All _______________ - Not reactive b/c of filled outer shell = ______________ ** Happy Place **

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