Latitude and Longitude

1. Latitude and Longitude • Latitude: measures distance north and south of Equator; lines stretch east—west. • Longitude: measures distance east and west of the Prime Meridian; lines stretch north—south. • The Prime Meridian bisects which European city?

2. Georgia Facts • Western and Northern Hemispheres • North America (Continent) • United States (Country) • Southeast (Region) • Georgia (State) • “Empire State of the South” • Gwinnett (County) • Suwanee (Town) • Address 2100 Old Peachtree Sectionalism: • Neighborhoods • Physical/Cultural • Global/Geographic • Mason-Dixon Line • Named after surveyors • Deep South/Confederacy

3. Georgia Facts #2 • Largest state EASTof the Mississippi River • 21stlargest state U.S. • Highest Point: Brasstown Bald • Lowest Point: Coastline • 159 Counties • Largest—Ware • Smallest—Clarke • Center—Twiggs

4. Georgia Facts #3 • North: Tennessee and North Carolina • South: Florida and St. Mary’s River • East: Atlantic Ocean, South Carolina, and Savannah River • West: Alabama, Chattahoochee River

5. 6 Basic Regions Also known as “Physiographic Regions” • Appalachian Plateau • Ridge and Valley • Blue Ridge • Piedmont Region • Upper/ Inner Coastal Plain • Lower / Outer Coastal Plain

6. Coastal Plains Fall line is northern boundary, Atlantic Ocean is southeastern boundary • Largest region (60% of GA below the Fall Line) • Inner(Northern) • Agricultural- clay, sand and limestone soil • Vidalia Upland FLAT, No hills • Peanuts, peaches, pecans, cotton • Outer(Southern) • Coastal • Swamp/Marsh • Okefenokee Swamp • Barrier Islands: • “Golden Isles” • Protect beaches • Continental Shelf: • Protects our coast from hurricanes

7. Coastal Plains II • Prehistoric ocean extended to the Fall Line • Fossils of shark teeth, whale bones and various ocean life found in Coastal Plains – phosphate, limestone bauxite

8. Coastal Plains • 75 miles from coast line inland is known as “The Pine Barrens” • Hardly anything except pine trees grows in this region!

9. Coastal Plains • Swamps rivers, streams, estuaries, and islands. • Slow, meandering, widening rivers • Tidal rivers along coastline…saltwater and freshwater share areas during the tides as far as 10 miles inland.

10. Coastal Plains • Coastal wetlands… Okeefenokee Swamp • TEMPERATURE- averages 54°- 77°

11. Coastal Plain Includes the Barrier Islands Also called The Golden Isles

12. Tybee: It is Georgia’s most densely developed barrier island. Wassaw: Considered the most pristine island in the Georgia chain. Ossabaw: is unique in that it is two islands in one. St. Catherines: When the Spanish came to Georgia in 1566, they selected St. Catherines as the location for their first mission. Blackbeard: Legend has it, Blackbeard Island was once the hide-a-way of the most infamous and feared pirate of the 18th century. Sapelo: is home to Hog Hammock, the last intact Geechee community on the Georgia coast. Their roots grow deep here, all the way back to the cotton fields their ancestors worked as slaves, 200 years ago. Wolf, Egg, Little EggIn 1930, Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuge was established to protect three islands, Little St. Simons:Little St. Simons is Georgia’s only remaining family owned island. Sea Island: is internationally recognized for its resort hotel, The Cloister. St. Simons is a bustling community and resort, joined to the mainland by a causeway. Jekyll: Jekyll Island was once the playground of northern millionaires who used it as a winter retreat.

13. Typical scenes at Jekyll Island

14. Georgia's southern most barrier island and home to Cumberland's wild horses brought by the Spanish in the sixteenth century. Cumberland is under the care of the National Park Service.Typical scenes at Cumberland Island

15. Coastal Plain • Is south of the fall line • Flat: no more waterfalls! • Okefenokee Swamp • Salt Marshes & estuaries • Wildlife refuges • Sedimentary rock • Beaches and barrier islands • Gray’s Reef marine sanctuary

16. Coastal Plain • Savannah, Valdosta and Jekyll • Providence Canyon • Altamaha River • Cypress, live oak trees • Palmetto plants • Warmer climate • Osprey and Skimmer: coastal birds • Sea turtles

17. Providence Canyon • Visitors are often amazed when they visit “Georgia’s Little Grand Canyon.” The massive gullies, as deep as 150 feet, were caused by poor farming practices during the 1800s.

18. Piedmont“Foot of the Mountains” -Over 50% of the states population, Cherokee County/Atlanta • Located between the Coastal Plain and mountains of North GA • Encompasses 30% of state’s area • Gently sloping and rolling hills, streams, rivers lakes • Business and Industry region • Cotton, soybean, wheat, beef and dairy cattle, chicken… • Georgia “Red Clay”, solid rock- granite, marble, mica • Temperature: 57°-74° Atlanta skyline…The Capitol

19. Fall Line • The fall line is the change in elevation from approximately the cities of Columbus thru Macon to Augusta Many early settlers stayed in this area because the surrounding waterfalls were difficult to travel over, and they provided a power supply.

20. Piedmont Region • At foothills of Appalachians • Rolling hills • Mixed forests • Metamorphic, igneous rock • Chattahoochee River • Etowah Indian Mounds • Lake Lanier, Alltoona, and Oconee: Water supply & recreation!!!

21. Piedmont Region • Includes Atlanta, Athens, Macon • Rivers, lakes, waterfalls

22. North Georgia • AppalachianPlateau, Ridge & Valley, Blue Ridge • Very mountainous • Beautiful leaf watching in the fall!

23. Ridge and Valley- • Northwest GA-between Blue Ridge and Appalachian Plateau • Low open valleys and narrow, parallel ridges- • ”Wrinkles” • Flat fertile farmlands • Hardwood forest and pastures • Corn soybeans, wheat, cotton • Industrial: textile and carpet manufacturing • DALTON: “Carpet Capital of the World” • Lots of Limestone • Temperature- 48°-72° The textile industry

24. Ridge and Valley • Ridges up to 1600 ft. and lowlands to 700 ft. above sea level • Chattahoochee Nat’l Forest • River rafting (rivers flow downhill!) • Dalton, GA: major city – famous for carpet manufacturing

25. Blue Ridge • Located in Northeast GA • Highest and largest group of mountains in Georgia , many rivers begin here • Landmarks: • Tallulah Gorge • Beginning of the Appalachian Trail • Brasstown Bald • Mountains act as a barrier to keep warm, moist from the gulf causing precipitation • Lots of rain • sleet, snow, hail • Short growing season- less than 1% farmland- Apples, corn, vegetables, and hardwood timber • Mica, feldspar gold and marble found here! • Temperature- 45°-69°

26. Blue Ridge • Mountains, ridges and basins • Up to 4700 ft. mountain peaks • Cohutta and Blue Ridge mtns • Appalachian trail • Mountain lakes and waterfalls • Beautiful views

27. Appalachian Plateau- • Smallest region FAR NW Ga. • Lookout Mt./ Sand Mt. • Most scenic but least traveled • Called TAG Corner • Tennessee • Alabama • Georgia • Gentle slopes with mountains over valleys • Hardwood forest, pastures for livestock, corn and soybean. • Only known source of coal in Georgia. Iron • Temperatures 49°-71°

28. AppalachianPlateau • Sedimentary Rocks • Sand Mountain • Lookout Mountain: 7 states • Cloudland Canyon • Civil war sites • Appalachian Oak forests • Hiking and rivers

29. Cloudland Canyon