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Circulatory and Respiratory Review

The circulatory system is vital for maintaining homeostasis, regulating temperature, and delivering essential gases and nutrients throughout the body. The human heart consists of four chambers: the left and right atria. Key components include arteries, veins, and capillaries, each with specific functions in blood circulation. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) transport oxygen, while white blood cells (leukocytes) defend against invaders. Blood pressure measures the force against artery walls, and conditions like hypertension can occur. Additionally, the respiratory system aids in oxygen intake and sound production.

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Circulatory and Respiratory Review

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  1. Circulatory and Respiratory Review

  2. What does the circulatory system provide the body?

  3. Maintains homeostasis • Regulate temperature • Delivers gases and nutrients

  4. How many chambers does the human heart have?

  5. 4

  6. What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

  7. atria

  8. What is the purpose of the chordae tendinae?

  9. Tendons that hold the valve flaps in place

  10. Differentiate between the arteries, veins, capillaries

  11. Arteries carry blood to the body from the heart filled with oxygen. They have a larger ring of smooth muscle. • Veins carry CO2 filled blood back to the heart. They contain valves • Capillaries are microscopic and is the site of gas exchange.

  12. What are the scientific names for Red Blood Cells and White Blood Cells?

  13. Erythrocytes • Leukocytes

  14. What is the term for hardening of the arteries with fat deposits?

  15. artheriosclerosis

  16. Which side of the heart has the oxygenated blood?

  17. left

  18. Name the major blood vessels entering and leaving the heart.

  19. Entering: superior and inferior vena cava • Leaving: Aorta

  20. What is blood pressure?

  21. The pressure exerted against the artery walls.

  22. What is normal blood pressure?

  23. 120/80

  24. What is the high blood pressure called?

  25. hypertension

  26. What is the difference between systole and diastole?

  27. Systole measure the contraction of blood traveling out of the heart on the artery walls. • Diastole measures its relaxation

  28. What percentage of the blood is hematocrit and plasma?

  29. Hematocrit = 45% • Plasma = 55%

  30. What helps carry oxygen around in the blood?

  31. hemoglobin

  32. What is sickle-celled anemia?

  33. A genetic disorder that has collapsed red blood cells.

  34. How long does a red blood cell live?

  35. 120 days

  36. What is the role of leukocytes?

  37. To rid the body of foreign invaders.

  38. What will happen if a person receives the wrong blood type?

  39. Their blood will clump up

  40. Which blood type is the universal donor and recipient?

  41. Donor = type O • Recipient = type AB

  42. Why do your cells needs oxygen?

  43. To help metabolize food.

  44. How is food stopped from entering the trachea?

  45. The epiglottis covers it as food is swallowed

  46. What does the larynx do?

  47. Produces sound

  48. What line of defense do the lungs use against debris that has gone into the lungs?

  49. Mucus and macrophages

  50. Explain the role of the diaphragm in breathing in and out.

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