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1850s

Lead up to Civil War

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1850s

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  1. 1850s

  2. Election of 1848 Candidates Zachary Taylor “Old Rough & Ready” Whig Lewis Cass Democrat

  3. Results • Taylor wins

  4. Statehood for California • Applied to be a free state in 1850 • Problems? • Upset the sectional balance • 15 free & 15 slave • Influence UT & NM to become free as well

  5. North: CA admitted as a state Abolishment of slavery in Washington, DC South: Maintain sectional balance The end to runaway slaves Wishes of the North & South

  6. The Compromise • Written by Henry Clay • Provisions: • CA admitted as a free state • Abolition of the slave trade in DC • Popular Sovereignty in NM & UT • A stringent Fugitive Slave Law passed

  7. Why it passed • Taylor opposed • But he died July 9, 1850 • Millard Fillmore became president • Congress eager to end sectional crisis

  8. Popular Sovereignty • Autonomous people of a territory should determine themselves the status of slavery in their territory • Proposed by Stephen Douglas (IL) • Became a major political issue of the 1850’s

  9. Fugitive Slave Law (1850) • Provisions: • Law enforcement everywhere had to assist with runaway slaves • Those that helped runaway slaves would be fined and jailed • Captured slaves were not entitled to trials/juries • Many free blacks conscripted back into slavery • Problems for the North: • Called it the “Bloodhound Bill” • Some states refused to enforce • Major boost for Abolitionist movement

  10. Harriet Beecher Stowe • In 1852 she wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Anti-slavery novel • Inspired by the Fugitive Slave Law (1850) • Became a bestseller • Sold 300,000 copies in the 1st year • Over 2 million within a decade • Helped focus Northern anger against slavery • South angry that it was so popular

  11. The End of the Great Triumvirate • The three great statesmen from the three areas of the country • Had managed to reach compromises and maintain harmony in the country John C. Calhoun – South Died 1850 Daniel Webster – North Died 1852 Henry Clay – West Died 1852

  12. Candidates in 1852 Winfield Scott “Old Fuss & Feathers” Whig Franklin Pierce Democrat

  13. Results • Pierce wins

  14. Death of the Whigs • Main personalities have passed away • Party split in election of 1852 because of Scott’s stance on slavery • North somewhat supported, wanted Fillmore to be nominee • South did not support • 1852 was last Whig nominee for president

  15. The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Stephen Douglass proposed • Wanted to build a transcontinental RR • The law passed and created 2 new territories, Kansas & Nebraska • Slave issue to be determined by Popular Sovereignty • Assumed NE would be free & KS would be slave

  16. Problem? • It repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820

  17. Northern Reaction:

  18. Impact on Democrats • Begins to splinter the party • Northern Democrats do not want to see the expansion of slavery • Southern Democrats happy about the possibility of expanding slavery

  19. Formed in reaction to Kansas- Nebraska Act Mutt group: Whigs Some Northern Democrats Free-Soilers Know Nothings Opponents of K-N Act Formed around an issue SLAVERY Outlawed south of the Mason-Dixon Line Became main party of the North almost overnight Birth of the Republican Party (1854)

  20. KS ready to become a state in 1855 Election held to decide Pro or Anti Slavery Anti-slaverites flood the region from the North Called “Free Soilers” Pro-slaverites pour in from MO Called “Border Ruffians” Border Ruffians won Free Soilers establish their own government Bleeding Kansas

  21. Bleeding Kansas • 1856, the two groups began to attack one another • Civil War in Kansas over slavery • Only 2 slaves lived there • Statehood denied

  22. 1856 Candidates James Buchanan Democrat Popular Sovereignty John C. Fremont Republican End the Expansion of Slavery Millard Fillmore American Anti-Immigration Policies

  23. Results • Buchanan wins

  24. Questions • Why did statehood for California pose a problem? • Identify the issues that divided politicians from the North and South in 1850 • Who wrote the compromise of 1850, and what were its main points? • Who were the “free soilers” and who opposed them? • What elements formed together to create the Republican party? • What was the impact of Harriet Beecher Stowe and what real events inspired her?

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