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Progressives

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  1. Progressives

  2. Fighting Corruption • a. What is corruption? • Dishonest or illegal actions • Ex: governor takes “government” plane to a vacation • Ex: town councilman takes a bribe and votes to build a highway • b. What are political machines? • Powerful organizations linked to political parties • Controlled local government (city council, mayor etc…) • Controlled who got government jobs • c. Who is Boss Tweed? • William Tweed who controls NYC Democratic Party

  3. Corruption • Political Machines • & Boss Tweed • William M. Tweed ran New York City’s • Democratic Party political machine • The Tweed Ring controlled the city’s • police, courts and some newpapers • Collected millions of dollars in bribes • Thomas Nast • Newspaper cartoonist exposes • corruption in NYC in the paper • Tweed is investigated, arrested, • found guilty and sent to prison • Cities across the nation attempt to • end corruption

  4. Spoils System • Spoils System • Andrew Jackson formalized practice of • patronage that gives supporters jobs in • government • Many people who get jobs are • unqualified • President Hayes and Garfield attempt to • end the system • Pendelton Act • President Arthur signs bill that • establishes the Civil Service • Commission • Applicants for federal government • jobs must pass examination • demonstrating the skills necessary • for the job

  5. What company?

  6. Monopoly • Monopoly • Trusts and monopolies controlled certain • key industries (oil, steel etc…) • Many believed they had too much money • and power • Sherman-Anti Trust Act • In early, 1900s, the law is used to break up monopolies • Most famous monopoly broken up was the Standard Oil Trust • T. Roosevelt was known as the “trust buster”

  7. Railroads • ICC • In 1887, Interstate Commerce Act passed • Required railroad companies to charge and publish “reasonable and just” rates • Oligopoly • A few companies controlled prices of railroads in the entire industry

  8. Food • Food • “Horrors” of the meatpacking industry • Mukrakers & • Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle • Muckrakers are reporters who expose • corruption in society • (muck = dirt = corruption) • Upton Sinclair writes a book about the • meat packing industry shocking people • Congress passes the Meat Inspection • Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act

  9. Muckrakers a. Who where the Muckrakers? How did they expose problems in America? • Muckrakers are reporters who expose corruption in society (muck = dirt = corruption) • Ida Tarbell = exposed unfair practices of Standard Oil • Upton Sinclair = “horrors” food industry • Robert La Follette = encouraged direct primary elections

  10. What were three causes “women” fought for to improve America? • Suffrage – “woman’s vote” • Charities and Community Organization – settlement houses and libraries • Prohibition – banning alcohol

  11. What three presidents are known as “progressive presidents”? List one cause that they helped reform. • Theodore Roosevelt - conservation • William Howard Taft – anti-trusts & worker safety • Woodrow Wilson – tariff reform

  12. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • “Fair and equal treatment for all citizens” • Proposed an active role for FEDERAL GOVERNMENT to balance problems between “big business” and “labor” • Treated labor unions as equals (miner’s strike) • Uses Sherman Anti-Trust Act – against trusts • Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act – safer food by inspection • Antiquities Act – president controls “public lands”

  13. “Progressive” Amendments • 16th Amendment – Income Tax (allows for tariff reform and prohibition of liquor) • 17th Amendment – Direct Election of Senators (more democracy – people vote)

  14. 18th Amendment – Prohibition of Liquor (no making, transporting, buying or selling of liquor) • 19th Amendment – Women’s Right to Vote (allows for women to vote in all elections)

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