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Cell Structure

Cell Structure. Learning Objectives. Explain the role of the cell nucleus. Identify the cellular structures that make and transport proteins and other macromolecules. Distinguish the functions of vacuoles, lysosomes, and the cytoplasm. Compare the roles of chloroplasts and mitochondria.

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Cell Structure

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  1. Cell Structure

  2. Learning Objectives • Explain the role of the cell nucleus. • Identify the cellular structures that make and transport proteins and other macromolecules. • Distinguish the functions of vacuoles, lysosomes, and the cytoplasm. • Compare the roles of chloroplasts and mitochondria. • Describe the role of the cell membrane.

  3. Exploring Cell Organelles

  4. Nucleus The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains DNA. Animal Cell Plant Cell

  5. Organelles That Build Proteins 1. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. 2. Some proteins complete their assembly on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 3. Proteins are carried to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles.

  6. Organelles That Build Proteins 5. Vesicles are shipped to their final destination. 4. The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins.

  7. Making Proteins: Review Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Ribosome Cell membrane Protein Cytoplasm Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Vesicle Golgi apparatus

  8. Vacuoles, Vesicles, and Lysosomes Animal Cell Plant Cell

  9. Cytoskeleton

  10. Microtubules

  11. Chloroplasts Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy. Plant Cell

  12. Mitochondria Mitochondria convert chemical energy from food into compounds the cell can use. This process is called cellular respiration.

  13. Cellular Boundaries Cell Membranes Cell Walls

  14. Cell Membranes

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