1 / 76

 KG + 3NADPH + NH 3 + 2ATP ---> proline + 3NADP + + 2ADP + 2P i

 KG + NADPH + NH 3 + ATP ---> glutamate + NADP + + ADP + P i.  KG + 3NADPH + NH 3 + 2ATP ---> proline + 3NADP + + 2ADP + 2P i. Proline degradation. Proline. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Non-enzymatic. Glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Glutamate semialdehyde. Glutamate.

mea
Télécharger la présentation

 KG + 3NADPH + NH 3 + 2ATP ---> proline + 3NADP + + 2ADP + 2P i

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. KG + NADPH + NH3 + ATP ---> glutamate + NADP+ + ADP + Pi KG + 3NADPH + NH3 + 2ATP ---> proline + 3NADP+ + 2ADP + 2Pi

  2. Proline degradation Proline Pyrroline-5-carboxylate

  3. Non-enzymatic

  4. Glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase Glutamate semialdehyde Glutamate

  5. So….Proline = glutamate If: Glu = -ketoglutarate + NADPH + NH3 Then: Pro = -ketoglutarate + NADPH + NH3 If: -ketoglutarate = 4 NADH + 2 GTP + 2 FADH2 + NADPH Then: Pro = 4 NADH +2 GTP + 2 FADH2 + 2 NADPH + NH3 If: NADH = 3 ATP GTP = ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP NH3 = -2 ATP Then: Pro = 16 ATP + 2 NADPH

  6. Arginine Degradation Arginase Arginase

  7. Ornithine--aminotransferase

  8. Ornithine--aminotransferase

  9. Ornithine--aminotransferase

  10. Glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase Glutamate semialdehyde Glutamate

  11. KG + NADPH + NH3 + ATP ---> glutamate + NADP+ + ADP + Pi KG + Acetyl-CoA + 4NADPH + 3NH3 + 7ATP + CO2 ---> arginine + 4NADP+ + 6ADP + 1AMP+ 6Pi + 1PPi

  12. So…Arg = Glutamate + NADPH + NH3 If: Glu = -ketoglutarate + NADPH + NH3 Then: Arg = -ketoglutarate + 2 NADPH + 2 NH3 If: -ketoglutarate = 4 NADH + 2 GTP + 2 FADH2 + NADPH Then: Arg = 4 NADH +2 GTP +2 FADH2 + 3 NADPH + 2NH3 If: NADH = 3 ATP GTP = ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP NH3 = -2 ATP Then: Arg = 14 ATP + 3 NADPH What is the problem with arginine degradation?

  13. alpha-ketoglutarate glutamate glutamate semialdehyde Control point proline N-acetylglutamate semialdehyde arginine

  14. Remember the cost of aspartate oxaloacetate + NADPH + NH3 + ATP ---> aspartate + NADP+ + ADP + Pi

  15. Epimerase

  16. oxaloacetate + 4NADPH + 2NH3 + 3ATP + pyruvate + succinyl-CoA ---> lysine + 4NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi + CO2

  17. This is this is not the only way to make lysine Homocitrate synthase Homoaconitase Homoisocitrate DH Homoaconitase -ketoadipate

  18. -KG + acetyl-CoA + + 2NH3 + 2NAD+ + 4ATP + 4NADPH ---> Lysine + CO2 + 2NADH + 4NADP+ + 4ADP + 4Pi

  19. NADPH Lysine Degradation

  20. NAD+ -ketoadipate

  21. NADH FADH2

  22. NADH

  23. So…Lysine = NADH + -ketoadipate + 2 NH3 If: -ketoadipate = 2 NADH + FADH2 + 2 Acetyl-CoA Then: Lys = 3 NADH + FADH2 + 2 Acetyl-CoA + 2 NH3 If: Acetyl-CoA = 3 NADH + FADH2 + GTP Then: Lys = 9 NADH + 3 FADH2 + 2 GTP + 2 NH3 If GTP = ATP, NADH = 3 ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP and NH3 = -2 ATP Then: Lys = 35 ATP

  24. oxaloacetate + 3NADPH + NH3 + 3ATP ---> threonine + 3NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi

  25. gamma lyase/beta synthase

  26. Threonine can be degraded in three ways (1) Threonine dehydrogenase pathway Threonine Dehydrogenase

  27. Must break C-C bond on an amino acid and stabilize a carbanion

  28. 2-amino--ketobutyrate lyase

  29. What happens to the glycine? Glycine Cleavage System: trifunctional enzyme STEP1: decarboxylation of glycine

  30. STEP 2: formation of N5,N10-methylene-THF THF N5,N10-methylene-THF

  31. STEP 3: regeneration of catalytic site NADH NAD+

  32. There is another pathway of glycine degradation From glycine cleavage system Combine the glycine cleavage system with a reverse of the serine hydroxymethyltransferase rxn

  33. So…2 glycine = 1 serine + NADH + NH3

  34. If: 2 Gly = serine + NADH + NH3 If: Ser = pyruvate + NH3 Then: 2 Gly = pyruvate + NADH + 2 NH3 If: Pyruvate = 4 NADH + GTP + FADH2 Then: 2 Gly = 5 NADH + GTP + FADH2 + 2 NH3 If: NADH = 3 ATP GTP = ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP NH3 = -2 ATP Then: 2 Gly = 14 ATP, 1 Gly = 7 ATP

  35. So… Thr = Gly + Acetyl-CoA + NADH If: glycine is degraded by glycine cleavage system you get 1 N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate, NH3 and NADH Then: Thr = N5,N10-THF + NH3 + 2 NADH + Acetyl-CoA If Acetyl-CoA = 3 NADH + GTP + FADH2 Then: Thr = N5,N10-THF + NH3 + 5 NADH + GTP + FADH2 If NADH = 3 ATP GTP = ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP NH3 = -2 ATP Then: Thr = N5,N10-THF + 16 ATP

  36. If: 2 Thr are degraded to 2 Gly Then: 2 Thr = 2 Gly + 2 NADH + 2 Acetyl-CoA If: 1 Gly = N5,N10- THF + 1 NH3 + 1 NADH by glycine cleavage system And 1 Gly + N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate = serine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase Then: 2 Thr = 1 NH3 + 3 NADH + 2 Acetyl-CoA + serine If: Ser = pyruvate + NH3 Then: 2 Thr = 2 NH3 + 3 NADH + 2 Acetyl-CoA + pyruvate If: Acetyl-CoA = 3 NADH + GTP + FADH2 Pyruvate = 4 NADH +GTP + FADH2 Then: 2 Thr = 2 NH3 + 13 NADH + 3GTP + 3 FADH2 If: GTP = ATP, NADH = 3 ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP and NH3 = -2 ATP Then: 2 Thr = 44 ATP, Thr = 22 ATP

  37. (2) Threonine can be degraded by serine hydroxymethyltransferase

  38. What happens to acetaldehyde: can’t be put onto THF NAD+ NADH Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase Thr = glycine + Acetyl-CoA + NADH

  39. Thus: Thr = Gly + Acetyl-CoA + NADH If: glycine is degraded by glycine cleavage system you get 1 N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate, NH3 and NADH Then: Thr = N5,N10-THF + NH3 + 2NADH + Acetyl-CoA If Acetyl-CoA = 3 NADH + GTP + FADH2 Then: Thr = N5,N10-THF + NH3 + 5 NADH + GTP + FADH2 If NADH = 3 ATP GTP = ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP NH3 = -2 ATP Then: Thr = N5,N10-THF + 16 ATP

  40. (3) Threonine can be converted to -ketobutyrate by threonine (serine) dehydratase

  41. What happens to -ketobutyrate? -ketobutyrate dehydrogenase Same mechanism as pyruvate dehydrogenase and -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.

  42. NAD+ NADH Thr = propionyl-CoA + NADH

  43. What happens to propionyl-CoA?: Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Loss of ATP!

  44. Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase: Why?

More Related