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Understanding the Foundations of Life: A Comprehensive Overview of Cells

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Explore the fundamental principles of cell biology, focusing on the Cell Theory, which states that all living things are made up of cells and that cells arise only from pre-existing cells. Discover the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including their structure and functions. Delve into the roles of various cell components such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, lysosomes, and vacuoles. Uncover how these elements work together to sustain life at the cellular level.

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Understanding the Foundations of Life: A Comprehensive Overview of Cells

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  1. Brainstorm: Where does life come from? Do Now

  2. The Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells • Cells only arise from pre-existing cells. • The cell is the basic unit of life.

  3. Was the first to use the term cell. Looked at cork cells under the compound microscope. Robert Hooke

  4. Have no formed nucleus Are unicellular Are very disorganized. Do not have membrane bound organelles. Bacteria are prokaryotes Prokaryote

  5. Eukaryote • Have a Nucleus • Have membrane bound organelles • Are very organized. • Can be uni/ or multicellular. • Ex.- animal, plant cells.

  6. Controls movements into and out of the cell Is semi-permeable, or selectively permeable. Is made of a phospho-lipid bi-layer. Helps maintain the shape of the cell. The Cell Membrane

  7. Jelly-like material which contains materials involved in cell metabolism. Gives the cell its shape Cytoplasm

  8. Serves as the control center of the cell and contains DNA. Nucleolus- Contains RNA Nuclear membrane – Control what goes in or out of the Nucleus. The Nucleus and The Nucleolus

  9. Contains code that guides all cell activities They are found in the nucleus. Chromosomes contain the genes that determine an organisms charateristics. Chromosomes

  10. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Transports materials throughout the cell. • Rough ER contains Ribosomes. • Smooth ER has no Ribosomes

  11. Sites of protein synthesis Ribosomes

  12. Packages and secretes the proteins made by the Ribosomes. Look like stacks of pancakes. Golgi Bodies

  13. Mitochondria • Power House of The Cell. • Makes ATP

  14. Involved in cell division Produce Microtubules that pull chromosomes apart. Microtubules also give the cell structure. Are found inside the nucleus. The Centrioles

  15. Powerful chemicals that break things down. Lysosomes

  16. Plays a role in intercellular digestion Store food and water. Are much larger in plant cells. Vacuoles

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