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Understanding Influenza Virus: Characteristics and Infection Process

Influenza is an RNA virus with a diameter of approximately 100 nm, characterized by its hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) proteins, which vary among strains. The virus is primarily transmitted through aerosol or hand-to-mouth contact. The infection process can be summarized in six steps: Attachment to epithelial cells, endocytosis into the host cell, unpackaging of viral RNA, synthesis of viral components, assembly of new viruses, and their release from the infected cell. Understanding these steps is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive measures.

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Understanding Influenza Virus: Characteristics and Infection Process

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  1. Influenza: Respiratory Virus Do Now:

  2. Important Characteristics • RNA virus • H & N refer to different versions of viral proteins. • ~100 nm (0.1 μm) diameter. spherical

  3. Transmission: Aerosol or hand-mouth

  4. Step 1: Hemagglutinin Protein Binds to Epithelial Cell in Nose or Lungs H Protein Lung Cell

  5. Hemagglutinin • http://biology.kenyon.edu/BMB/Chime2/2005/Cerchiara-Holsberry/FRAMES/start.htm

  6. Step 2: Endocytosis of Virus by Cell

  7. Step 2: another view

  8. Step 3: Viral Genes Enter Cytoplasm

  9. Step 4: vRNA Enters Nucleus, Begins making virus materials • vRNA and vRNA polymerase begin copying the virus genes. • Viral genes produce proteins that take over the cell: • Break down cell mRNAs for parts • Use the nucleotides to copy genetic material • Build proteins with cell ribosomes for new viruses

  10. Step 5: Virus Assembly

  11. Step 6: Release of Viruses

  12. 6 Steps of Viral Infection • Attachment • Endocytosis • Unpackaging • Viral Synthesis • Assembly • Release

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