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World History Review: Empires, Religions & Philosophy

Explore key empires, religions, and philosophies such as the Roman Empire, Mauryan Empire, Mongols, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and more in this comprehensive review for 9th Grade Global History and Geography. Understand the significant contributions of historical figures and societies, including the impact of trade routes like the Silk Road and cultural diffusion across different regions.

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World History Review: Empires, Religions & Philosophy

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  1. Final Exam ReviewPart 2 9th Grade Global History and Geography Ms. Marten

  2. Fall of Roman Empire ● Eastern Roman Empire continues on and become the Byzantine Empire

  3. Byzantine Empire • Eastern Portion of the Roman Empire • Eastern Orthodox Church • Spread ideas to Russia • Justinian Code = Legal code

  4. Mauryan Empire (India) • Buddhism • King Asoka: 1. Tolerant of all religions 2. Built hospitals and roads 3. Encouraged education and spread of Buddhism

  5. Classical China • Zhou Dynasty-teachings of Confucius and Lao-zi • Qin Dynasty- Great Wall of China • Han Dynasty-Golden Age: 1. Silk Road- connected China and India to Middle East

  6. Mongols • Genghis Khan united clans and created largest empire in history • Kublai Khan – created Yuan Dynasty in China -opened up trade with West -made Silk roads safe for travel

  7. Travelers • Marco Polo – trader who travelled to China and stayed to work with Kublai Khan • Ibn Battuta – African Muslim who went on hajj to Mecca and traveled for the next 30 years *Both travelers who recorded their experiences PRIMARY SOURCES!!!

  8. Japan • Marco Polo – trader who travelled to China and stayed to work with Kublai Khan • Ibn Battuta – African Muslim who went on hajj to Mecca and traveled for the next 30 years *Both travelers who recorded their experiences PRIMARY SOURCES!!!

  9. Latin America • Maya, Aztecs, Incas: *Adapted to their environment *Were complex societies *Were polytheistic ●Aztecs and Incas: *Declined due to diseases (SMALLPOX!) and warfare with the Spanish Conquistors

  10. Early African Kingdoms • Ghana, Mali, Songhai: *Controlled the Gold-Salt Trade across the Sahara *Culturally diffused Islam Timbuktu

  11. Early African Kingdoms ●Mansa Musa – Golden Age – went on legendary hajj to Mecca ●Timbuktu – center of learning and trade in the Sahara

  12. Animism Buddhism Christianity Confucianism Hinduism Islam Judaism Taoism Shintoism World Religions and Philosophies

  13. Judaism • Monotheistic • Abraham • Torah—holy text • 10 Commandments-guidelines for living • Diaspora—forced migration helped Judaism spread

  14. Christianity • Monotheistic • Bible—Old and New Testament • Spread through Roman Empire • 10 Commandments—guidelines for living

  15. Islam • Monotheistic • Muhammad • God = Allah • 5 Pillars—guidelines for living • Koran—holy text • Holy Site = Mecca (Ka’aba)

  16. Hinduism • India • Polytheistic • Caste system—determines everything in a Hindu’s life • Holy site = Ganges River • Reincarnation & Karma

  17. Buddhism • Culturally diffused from India to Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia) • Eightfold Path-guidelines for living *must give up selfish desire • Four Noble Truths • Meditation • Reincarnation & Karma

  18. Confucianism • Confucius • China • Emphasized social order • Stressed education and government • Mandate of Heaven:

  19. Taoism • Lao-zi • Chinese philosophy • Stressed harmony with nature

  20. Animism • Mainly practiced in Africa • Ancestor Worship • Stressed importance of respect for nature • Stressed importance of spirits in nature

  21. Shintoism • Japanese philosophy • Stressed harmony with nature • Ancestor Worship • Most Japanese practice both Shintoism and Buddhism at the same time.

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