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IX. Developmental D.E. Parenting Styles Moral Development Kohlberg

Baumrind's Parenting Styles. Authoritarian - value obedience and use a high degree of power assertionAuthoritative - less concerned with obedience, greater use of persuasionPermissive - most tolerant, least likely to use disciplineNeglectful - completely uninvolved. Kohlberg's Theory of Moral D

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IX. Developmental D.E. Parenting Styles Moral Development Kohlberg

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    1. IX. Developmental D.E. Parenting Styles Moral Development— Kohlberg

    2. Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Authoritarian - value obedience and use a high degree of power assertion Authoritative - less concerned with obedience, greater use of persuasion Permissive - most tolerant, least likely to use discipline Neglectful - completely uninvolved

    3. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development Assessed moral reasoning by posing hypothetical moral dilemmas and examining the reasoning behind people’s answers Proposed three levels with six stages, each taking into account a broader portion of the social world

    4. Levels of Moral Reasoning Preconventional - moral reasoning is based on external rewards and punishments Conventional - laws and rules are upheld simply because they are laws and rules Postconventional - reasoning based on personal moral standards

    5. Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation A focus on direct consequences Negative actions will result in punishments Positive actions will result in rewards

    6. Stage 2: Self-Interested Exchanges Reflects the understanding that different people have different self-interests, which sometimes come in conflict Getting what one wants often requires giving something up in return

    7. Stage 3: Interpersonal Accord and Conformity An attempt to live up to the expectations of important others Positive actions will improve relations with significant others Negative actions will harm those relationships

    8. Stage 4: Law-and-Order Morality To maintain social order, people must resist personal pressures and follow the laws of the larger society

    9. Stage 5/6: Human-Rights and Social-Welfare Morality A balance is struck between respect for laws and ethical principles that transcend specific laws Laws that fail to promote general welfare or that violate ethical principles can be changed, reinterpreted, or abandoned

    10. Carol Gilligan A student of Kohlberg’s; later a critic of his theory Thought Kohlberg’s theory was male-oriented and individualistic in perspective Offered a feminist perspective in her book In a Different Voice Believed that female development differed from that of males in moral thinking More concerned with relationships than with abstract principles

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