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Introduction to Procedural Methods in Computer Graphics

This overview introduces various procedural methods (PM) utilized in computer graphics for modeling and rendering physical phenomena. Developed in the mid-1980s, these techniques focus on creating textures such as wood and marble, simulating gases like clouds and smoke, and generating complex models of trees and other natural elements. Advances in CPU and GPU technology have significantly enhanced real-time procedural modeling capabilities. This approach offers abstraction, parametric control, and flexibility, enabling the creation of detailed and dynamic visual effects.

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Introduction to Procedural Methods in Computer Graphics

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  1. Procedural Methods A Brief Introduction Introduction to Computer Graphics Arizona State University Dianne Hansford

  2. Procedural Methods (PM) • Methods to model or render physically-based phenomena • textures: wood, marble, .. M. Agrawala, Stanford

  3. Procedural Methods (PM) • Methods to model or render physically-based phenomena • textures: wood, marble • gases: clouds, smoke, fog, ...David Ebert, Purdue

  4. Procedural Methods (PM) • Methods to model or render physically-based phenomena • textures: wood, marble, .. • gases: clouds, smoke, fog, ... • modeling: trees, implicit surfaces, ...SpeedTree CAD

  5. Procedural Methods (PM) • Methods to model or render physically-based phenomena • textures: wood, marble • gases: clouds, smoke, fog, ... • modeling: trees, implicit surfaces, ... • animationDave McAllister, UNC

  6. History • mid ’80s: realistic textures (marble, wood) • mid ’80s: water, smoke, steam, fire, tribbles(Wrath of Khan), plants • ’89: Pixar’s Renderman expanded use of PM • important developments for real-time PM: 1) increased CPU power2) powerful and programmable GPUs available in affordable PCs and game consoles

  7. PM Definition Algorithms to build representations of underlying phenomenaSpecify some characteristic of a computer-generated model or effectExample: marble (texture) color from math functions/algorithms rather than scanned-in

  8. Need? • Surface (polygonal) model approach main focus of this class, however ... • Physical objects (clouds, smoke, water) demand a different type of modeling complexity, changing state, dynamics, randomness, ....

  9. Advantages of PM • Abstraction:Develop details as neededMultiresolution models generate polygons only as neededAlso known as Level of Detail (LOD) Example: Trees – number of polygons depends on screen space area used Storage savings Time requirements for programmer to generate data

  10. Advantages of PM • Parametric control:Scalar values control complex shape definitionexample: roughness of a mountain frees programmer from low-level controlstochastic procedures can produce in interesting, unexpected results Created by Tim Stain, SciFi

  11. Advantages of PM • Flexibility Capture essence of object, phenom, motion without being constrained by complex laws of physics Can achieve natural laws or artistic effects Physically-based modeling of polygonal objects can be difficult Obey physical laws  lots of programming and mathAvoiding unnatural self-intersections is expensive

  12. PM: 2 Examples • Particle SystemsCollection of particles whose behavior determined by solution of differential eqns Physically-based modeling from some physics + constraints • FractalsCapitalize on self-similarity of nature

  13. Particle Systems Nice site:University of North Carolina, David McAllister http://www.cs.unc.edu/~davemc/Particle/ Nice class notes:CMU, Doug James http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~djames/15-462/Fall03/notes/13-particleSystems.pdf

  14. Fractals Fractals: self-similar (identical), infinitely “long” http://math.rice.edu/~lanius/fractals/WHY/ Julia sets and Mandelbrot sets http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/julia/julia.html Fractal mountains http://www.gameprogrammer.com/fractal.html http://world.std.com/~bgw/applets/1.02/MtFractal/MtFractal.html http://www.sci.fi/~timstain/english/gallery/fractal.htm http://www.perlentraum.de/undina1/fractal_mountain.htm

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