Rhetorical Triangle for Analysis

1. Rhetorical Triangle for Analysis Ethos Pathos Logos

2. Parts of Aristotle’s Triangle Speaker Audience Subject Purpose Persuade Inform Entertain

3. Parts Defined Speaker: The person or group who creates a text. Will not always be the person speaking; can be an artist, company, or politician. Sometimes there is a difference between who the speaker is in real life and the role the speaker plays when delivering the speech. Audience: The listener, viewer, or reader of a text or performance. There may be multiple audiences. Be very specific. Instead of “All People” try – “Adults with small children who have food allergies”. What values does the audience hold; how much do they know; what is their attitude toward the subject?

4. Parts Continues Subject: this is the topic, content, and ideas: the main idea(s). Must not be confused with the purpose. Again, be specific. Purpose: the goal the speaker wants to achieve. The reasons behind the text. What does the author want the audience to do as a result of reading the text? • Entertain • Inform • Persuade

5. Rhetorical AppealsLogos • Appeals to reason: MATHEMATICAL • Clear, Rational ideas, Logical thinking • Greek for “embodied thought” • Graphs • Charts • % or Numbers or Statistics • Research or Experiments • Examples or Facts • May acknowledge a Counterargument (the other side). • Agree the argument is true (CONCEDE) • Deny it to be true (REFUTE)

6. Rhetorical AppealsPathos • Appeal to emotions, desires, and hopes or fears and prejudices • Understands the power of evoking an audience’s emotions by using tools such as: • Figurative language • Personal anecdotes • Vivid Images/Imagery • Humor • Colors • Music • Chooses diction with strong Connotation. • MUST evoke emotion from the audience

7. Rhetorical AppealsEthos • Greek for “Character” • Demonstrates that the speaker(s) are credible and trustworthy. • In some instances the speaker’s reputation immediately establishes ethos. • Includes Morals, Values, & Ethics • Speaker gives: • Expertise • Knowledge • Experience • Sincerity • Common purpose with the audience

9. Literary Analysis Foundations Patterns of Development

10. Narration • Story telling – recounting of events • Based on personal experience or gained knowledge • Writers often use to lead into a topic • Usually chronological • Concrete details • Point of view • Dialogue

11. Description • Includes many specific details • Emphasizes the senses by painting a picture of • Sight • Sound • Taste • Smell • Touch • Used to establish a mood or atmosphere • May use emotionally charged language

12. Process Analysis • Explains how something works • How to do something • How something was done • Examples: • How to make bread • How to set up an Excel sheet • Directions to assemble a grill • Self-Help books

13. Exemplification • Provides a series of examples • Turns a general idea into a concrete one • Makes arguments clearer and more persuasive • May use one extended example or a series of related ones

14. Compare & Contrast • Putting 2 things or ideas side by side to highlight their similarities and differences • Often used to discuss • Subtle differences • Similarities in: • Method • Style • Purpose

15. Classification Division • Sorting of ideas into categories • What goes together and why? • Breaking down a larger idea or concept into parts

16. Definition • An idea must be identified before it can be discussed • May lay the foundation to establish common ground • Or identify areas of conflict • Defining a term is often the first step in a disagreement or debate • Then often analyzes characteristics that define the term or concept

17. Cause & Effect • Looks at how a cause leads to a result OR how an effect results from a cause