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Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles. Section 3.3. The Nucleus. The nucleus is an internal compartment that houses the cell’s DNA. Most functions of a eukaryotic cell are controlled by the cell’s nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope

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Cell Organelles

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  1. Cell Organelles Section 3.3

  2. The Nucleus • Thenucleusis an internal compartment that houses the cell’s DNA. Most functions of a eukaryotic cell are controlled by the cell’s nucleus. • The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope • Scattered over the surface of the nuclear envelope are many small channels called nuclear pores

  3. The Nucleus, continued • Ribosomal proteins and RNA are made in the nucleus • Ribosomes are partially assembled in a region of the nucleus called the nucleolus

  4. Ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum • Ribosomesare the cellular structures on which proteins are made. • TheEndoplasmic Reticulum or ERis an extensive system of internal membranes that move proteins and other substances through the cell.

  5. Ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum, continued • The part of the ER with attached ribosomes is called the rough ER • The rough ER helps transport proteins that are made by the attached ribosomes • New proteins enter the ER • The portion of the ER that contains the completed protein pinches off to form a vesicle • A vesicle is a small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells

  6. Ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum, continued Packaging and Distribution of Proteins • Vesicles that contain newly made proteins move through the cytoplasm from the ER to an organelle called the Golgi apparatus • The Golgi apparatus is a set of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that serve as the packaging and distribution center of the cell

  7. Ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum, continued

  8. Mitochondria • Mitochondriaare organelles that harvest energy from organic compounds to make ATP • ATP is the main energy currency of cells. Most ATP is made inside the mitochondria

  9. Mitochondria, continued • Mitochondriahave two membranes. The outer membrane is smooth. The inner membrane is greatly folded, and has a large surface area. • Mitochondria have their own DNA. Mitochondria reproduce independently of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA is similar to the DNA of prokaryotic cells. • Mitochondria are thought to be descendents of primitive prokaryotes.

  10. Summary of Organelles

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