1. Mayflower Compact Agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims in Plymouth, to consult each other about laws for the colony and a promise to work together to make it succeed. “Civil body politic”

2. 1607 Jamestown First Permanent English Settlement in America

3. Primary Sources • Original records of an event • Includes: • speeches, letters, diaries • photographs, artifacts • eyewitness reports

4. Mercantilism an economic theory that a country’s strength is measured by the amount of gold it has, that a country should sell more than it buys and that the colonies exist for the benefit of the Mother Country.

5. Representative Government a system of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them

6. House of Burgesses first representative assembly in the new world

7. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1st written Constitution in America

8. Secondary Sources Later Writings & Interpretation of Historians and Writers Include: • Textbooks & Articles • Provide summaries of information found in primary sources

9. Middle Passage • voyage of slave ships from Africa to the Americas • slave trade provides cheap labor to work on plantations in the south

10. William Penn Quaker leader, helped develop self-government in America, founded Pennsylvania

11. July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence was signed.

12. Thomas Jefferson Wrote the Declaration of Independence Became the 3rd President of the United States Purchased the Louisiana Territory, doubling the size of the United States

13. Unalienable Rights • Rights that cannot • be given up, taken away or transferred. • These rights • include: • Life • Liberty • And Pursuit of Happiness

14. George Washington • Leader of the Continental Army • 1st President of the United States

15. Articles of Confederation 1st American constitution It was a very WEAK document that limited the power of the Congress by giving States the final authority over all decisions.

16. Treaty of Paris of 1763 Ended the French and Indian War and effectively kicked the French out of North America.

17. Treaty of Paris 1783 Ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognize the United States as an independent nation.

18. Lexington, Massachusetts 1st shots of the American Revolution were fired here in April 1775.

19. Concord, Massachusetts Site of the 1st battle of the American Revolution.

20. Battle of Saratoga Turning point of the American Revolution

21. Yorktown, Virginia British were defeated by George Washington’s troops; signaled the end of the American Revolution.

22. Tyranny A cruel and unjust government.

23. Common Sense by Thomas Paine Common Sense Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain.

24. Common Sense by Thomas Paine The Crisis by Thomas Paine Thomas Paine Wrote pamphlets like Common Sense and The Crisis to encourage American independence and resolve.

25. Sam Adams Member of the Sons of Liberty who started the Committee of Correspondence to stir public support for American independence.

26. Ben Franklin Inventor, writer, statesman, diplomat, signer of the Declaration of Independence and delegate to Constitutional Convention.

27. England King George III King of England who disbanded the colonial legislatures, taxed the colonies, and refused the Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break with the colonies.

28. Patrick Henry Passionate patriot who became famous for his fiery speeches in favor of American independence. His most famous quote included the words, “Give me liberty or give me death!”

29. Marquis de Lafayette French nobleman who fought for American independence

30. John Paul Jones Famous sea captain who said, “I have not yet begun to fight!”

31. Declaration of Independence Document written by Thomas Jefferson, declaring the colonies independence from England.

32. Constitution of the United States was written. 1787

33. Constitution of the U. S. -Sets out the laws and principles of the government of the United States.

34. Federalism Sharing of power between the states and the national government

35. Federalists Supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government.

36. Federalist Papers Series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton, defending the Constitution and the principles on which the government of the United States was founded.

37. Magna Carta Signed in 1215, was the first English document that limited power of the ruler.

38. Anti-Federalists People opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government.

39. Northwest Ordinance Policy of establishing the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States.

40. Checks and Balances System set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches.

41. Judicial Review The Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution.

42. Republicanism An attitude toward society in the late 1700s based on the belief that the good virtue and morality of the people was essential to sustain the republican form of government.

43. Republic A nation in which voters choose representatives to govern them.

44. Three Branches of Government Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Executive Branch

45. Amend To change, such as adding Amendments to the Constitution.

46. Separation of Powers System in which each branch of government has its own powers.

47. Free Enterprise System Freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal government regulation.

48. Democracy Form of government that is run for and by the people, giving people the supreme power.

49. Ratify To approve by vote.

50. English Bill of Rights Protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the American Bill of Rights.