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Gene Mutation and DNA Translation Process Overview

Learn about frameshift mutations, translation process, and DNA transcription in this comprehensive guide. Understand how nucleotides, amino acids, and chain termination affect both wild type and mutant DNA.

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Gene Mutation and DNA Translation Process Overview

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  1. Arg Arg Tyr Tyr Nucleotide added-C Val Gly Lys Chain termination Wild type Mutant DNA mRNA DNA mRNA Amino acid Amino acid 3' 5' 3' 5' C— —G C— —G Translation Translation —C G— —C G— Direction of transcription and translation 5' G— —C G— —C U— —A —A U— A— —T A— —T C— —G C— —G G— —C G— —C —A —C G— U— —A U— —A U— 3' —A U— A— —T A— —T —T A— A— —T —T A— A— —C —T G— 5' 3' 5' 3' Frameshift

  2. Arg Tyr Val Lys Wild type DNA mRNA Amino acid 3' 5' C— —G Translation —C G— Direction of transcription and translation 5' —C G— —A U— —T A— —G C— —C G— —A U— —A U— 3' A— —T —T A— —T A— —C G— 5' 3'

  3. Arg Tyr Nucleotide added-C Val Lys Wild type Mutant DNA mRNA DNA Amino acid 3' 5' 3' —G C— —G Translation —C —C G— Direction of transcription and translation 5' —C G— —C —A —A U— —T A— —T —G C— —G —C G— —C —A —C U— —A U— —A 3' —A A— —T —T —T A— —T —T A— —C —T G— 5' 3' 5' Frameshift

  4. Arg Tyr Nucleotide added-C Val Lys Wild type Mutant DNA mRNA DNA mRNA Amino acid 3' 5' 3' 5' C— —G C— —G Translation —C G— —C G— Direction of transcription and translation 5' G— —C G— —C U— —A —A U— A— —T A— —T C— —G C— —G G— —C G— —C —A —C G— U— —A U— —A U— 3' —A U— A— —T A— —T —T A— A— —T —T A— A— —C —T G— 5' 3' 5' 3' Frameshift

  5. Arg Arg Tyr Tyr Nucleotide added-C Val Gly Lys Chain termination Wild type Mutant DNA mRNA DNA mRNA Amino acid Amino acid 3' 5' 3' 5' C— —G C— —G Translation Translation —C G— —C G— Direction of transcription and translation 5' G— —C G— —C U— —A —A U— A— —T A— —T C— —G C— —G G— —C G— —C —A —C G— U— —A U— —A U— 3' —A U— A— —T A— —T —T A— A— —T —T A— A— —C —T G— 5' 3' 5' 3' Frameshift

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