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Archival Research, Content Analysis, & Meta-Analysis

Archival Research, Content Analysis, & Meta-Analysis. Research Methods. Archival Research. Studying existing records E.g., US Census Bureau, police reports Developing clear questions or hypotheses Issues G aining access C ompleteness of records S election of records. Content Analysis.

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Archival Research, Content Analysis, & Meta-Analysis

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  1. Archival Research,Content Analysis, &Meta-Analysis Research Methods

  2. Archival Research • Studying existing records • E.g., US Census Bureau, police reports • Developing clear questions or hypotheses • Issues • Gaining access • Completeness of records • Selection of records

  3. Content Analysis • Content Analysis • Analyze spoken or written record • Sampling • Which materials to use? • Units of analysis • Recording unit • Content unit • Clear operational definitions • Multiple coders (to assess reliability) • Reduce bias issues

  4. Example • Adkins, Covert, & Wasburn (2007) examined the extent of media bias in Time and Newsweek coverage of domestic social issues from 1975 through 2000. The authors coded 873 articles. • Selection of article topics? • What is liberal? What is conservative? • Inter-rater reliability?

  5. Example • Kramer and Winter (2008) interested in impression management among users of StudiVZ. Researchers randomly sent 150 members an invitation to complete their study. Fifty-eight participants answered questions about their extraversion levels, self-esteem, efficacy of self-presentation. Two researchers coded participants’ user profile page (e.g., number of photos, friends, relationship status, style of text, style of profile photo, etc.). • What type of study is this? • What are the variables of interest? • How could reliability be assessed? • Do we need to be concerned about response rate?

  6. Meta-Analysis • Statistical procedure combining data from multiple studies • Systematic, quantitatively combines data in order to provide information about effect sizes • Steps • Identify studies • File drawer phenomenon • Determine eligibility of studies • Get the data from these studies • Statistically analyze the data

  7. Example

  8. Mini-Review In what ways are a content analysis and observational research similar? Compare and contrast meta-analysis to literature reviews. Provide an example of a content analysis.

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