America Builds an Empire/Expansionism

1. America Builds an Empire/Expansionism 1850-1915

2. Warm up: Define in your notes… Nationalism isolationism Manifest Destiny *Slides and info *Do questions ch. 10 sec 1 *Map Activity (4) History. Emergence of the United States as a world power between 1898 and 1920 (A) Explain why significant events, policies, and individuals such as the Spanish-American War, U.S. expansionism, Henry Cabot Lodge, Alfred Thayer Mahan, Theodore Roosevelt, Sanford Dole, and missionaries moved the United States into the position of a world power

3. *Warm up: Define in your notes… • Nationalism • isolationism • Manifest Destiny

4. To acquire the essential academic language of this lesson: 1. Explain: Describe the word in student friendly language and provide examples. 2. Restate: Students define term and record it in a notebook using their own words. 3. Show: Students draw pictures, symbols, or graphic representations. Concepts: expansionism imperialism

5. Imperialism • Powerful nations take and maintain control or influence over weaker ones. • In what ways can a nation control another one? • European Imperialism • Rapid takeover of territory in Africa and Asia in late 19th century 1880 1887

6. Why Imperialism Grew in the Late 19th Century in Europe Economic factors: Growth of industry in Europe created need for natural resources (rubber, petroleum). Industrialized nations also needed places to sell manufactured goods. Nationalism: Means devotion to ones nation and the people believe in themselves, their ideals and their goals to be superior to other countries.

7. Why Imperialism Grew in the Late 19th Century in Europe • Military factors: Advances in military technology produced European armies and navies that were far superior to those in Africa and Asia. • Humanitarian factors: Some doctors and missionaries believed they had duty to spread the blessings of Western civilization

8. Arguments for U.S. Expansion Promote economic growth: U.S. was an industrialized country, but Americans could not alone could not consume everything produced, leading to financial panics and depressions and the need for new markets abroad. American security: The U.S. became one of the most powerful navies in the world, suggesting it was willing and able to confront anyone on the open sea.

9. Economic – increased military spending led to more taxes and possible mandatory service. Also possible job competition (cheap labor) from immigrants. And there were no tariffs on imports from annexed countries, which would hurt many American industries

10. Social Darwinism: They thought they were superior to the countries they conquered, much like arguments with Native Americans. • Preserving American spirit with a “New Frontier”: Some, like Massachusetts senator Henry Cabot Lodge, felt that a quest for an empire might restore the country’s pioneer spirit.

12. American Imperialism • Reasons • Raw materials and markets • Military • Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan • The Influence of Sea Power on History (1890) • Nationalism • People wanted a great, powerful nation; Europe was doing it. • Anglo-Saxon superiority • Spread American ideals • Christian missionaries

13. American Anti-Imperialist League • Formed in 1898 • Included Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain, and Samuel Gompers • Opposed acquisition of colonies • Violated democratic principles of self-government

14. America and East Asia

15. china • “Open Door” Policy • Secretary of State John Hay • Equal trading rights to all foreign nations • Boxer Rebellion • Chinese opposed to Western influence • International army, including U.S., crushed the revolt

16. Japan • Trade with U.S. beginning in 1850s • First Asian country to industrialize • Imperialist policies • Defeated China, 1894 • Russo-Japanese War • Theodore Roosevelt negotiates peace settlement • Wins Nobel Peace Prize

17. America in the Pacific What were the motivations for American expansion in the Pacific?

18. The Philippines • Acquired from Spain • Annexed as territory, 1898 • American-Filipino War • Filipinos wanted independence • 3-year war left tens of thousands dead • Remained U.S. territory until 1946

19. Hawaii • Queen Liliuokalani • Tried to take power back from American landowners • Sanford B. Dole • Led overthrow of queen • Became governor of Hawaii • Annexed as territory in 1898

20. Other Pacific Islands • Guam, 1898 • Acquired from Spain • Samoa and Midway • Naval bases • Refueling stations for ships traveling to Asia.

21. America in the Caribbean Analyze the causes of the Spanish-American War and reason for U.S. Interest in the Caribbean.

22. U.S. Interest in the Caribbean • U.S. security • Keep foreign powers out of region • Economic interests • American business investments • Need for a canal • U.S. wanted to link Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

23. ACTIVITY • Students will create an annotated world map depicting U.S. territorial expansion, including the dates and circumstances by which each territory was acquired. • annotate - definition of annotate by the Free Online Dictionary ... • www.thefreedictionary.com/annotateCached - Similar • You +1'd this publicly. Undo • v. an·no·tat·ed, an·no·tat·ing, an·no·tates. v.tr. To furnish (a literary work) with critical commentary or explanatory notes; gloss. v.intr. To gloss a text

24. Do p. 356 Why did imperialism grow in Europe at the end of the 1800’s? How did the us apply the Monroe doctrine to its foreign policy throughout the 1800’s? 3)Why did us policymakers feel the need to secure new markets abroad? 4)Why did some believe that us expansion was needed to preserve the american spirit? 5) What effect did the growth of european imperialism have on us attitudes toward foreign policy and expansion? 6) Beginning with the louisiana purchase, write a chronological list tracing specific examples of american expansionism before 1880.

25. Day two begins here:

26. Foreign Policy for a World Power, 1890-1914 (Discussion Questions) Military power is clearly a "big stick." What other kinds of power or influence might be "big sticks" the United States uses to influence other countries?  Theodore Roosevelt believed the United States could and should be a police officer keeping order in the hemisphere. Was that a good idea in his time? Is it a good idea today? Explain your answer.  William Howard Taft liked being the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court better than he liked being president. Which would you like better and why?

27. [POSSIBLE ANSWERS: 1. Foreign aid might be a big stick, since some countries are dependent on U.S. foreign aid. Trade might also be a big stick, with free trade agreements like NAFTA. U.S. investment could also be a big stick, since the United States is rich, and poor countries need investments and jobs. 2. The United States has no right to interfere in other countries' internal affairs. This was a bad idea in Roosevelt's time, and it remains a bad idea today. Acting like a police officer is not much different from acting like a bully, telling other countries that they have to do things our way or else. U.S. involvement in other countries' affairs has been for the purpose of protecting business interests but hasn't led to much peace or stability. 3. I would like being president, because the president has a wider scope of activities. He can push Congress to make laws and appeal to the people to support his policies. He gets to meet with world leaders and influence world events. The Supreme Court decides only the cases that come to it and doesn't make new policy or laws. Of course, being on the Supreme Court is a life-long job, so you would have more time to exercise power, and you wouldn't have to worry about elections. ]

28. ACTIVITY Drawing the Big Stick Political cartoons offer insight on political events. They also express the cartoonist's point of view. President Theodore Roosevelt    Now view the "More Trouble for the International Policeman" cartoon, and complete the following:

30. Who are the characters portrayed in the cartoon? Which of them is the dominant actor? Does the cartoonist have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of each actor? Explain how you can tell Write an alternative caption (title) for the cartoon.

31. Now we are going to look at political cartoon slides. Pass out the worksheet.

32. Answer the following questions after looking at each of the political cartoons… Handout questions below if we have copies

33. American Imperialism Cartoons Worksheet 1) List all the characters you see in this cartoon. 2) What are the symbols used in this cartoon? What do they represent 3) Describe the action taking place in this cartoon. 4) Explain the cartoon’s message. How effective is the artist in portraying this message? 5) Was this cartoon draw by an American or foreign artist? What leads you to believe so?

41. Foreign Policy in Latin America • Theodore Roosevelt • Corollary to Monroe Doctrine • Big Stick Policy (Diplomacy) • U.S. would act as international police power • Intervention in Latin America became common • William H. Taft • Dollar Diplomacy • Promoted American investment in Latin America • Woodrow Wilson • Sent troops to chase Pancho Villa in Mexico

42. Roosevelt • Roosevelt also mediated a peace agreement to the Russo-Japanese War, which won him the Nobel Peace Prize.

43. Activity: We will analyze the Monroe Doctrine and the “Big Stick Policy”. Make a T chart and write down 10 facts about each one and write a Summary paragraph to follow that sums up each policy.

45. William Howard Taft Main goals were to maintain the Open Door to China and keep stability in Latin America Wanted to “trade dollars for bullets”, meaning maintaining orderly societies abroad through increased American investment in foreign economies. This became known as Dollar Diplomacy.

46. Woodrow Wilson The Mexican Revolution 1910 Americans had invested $1 Billion in Mexico Pancho Villa U.S. military pursuit of Villa U.S. enters World War I

47. In groups, students will create a chart with symbols for each reason for expansion and write a brief explanation of each symbol’s meaning. Have students classify these reasons for expansion as either: economic, social, and political.

48. We will refer to the jerret book and text book for the reinforcement activities. The End