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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Public Speaking: Structuring the Message. Basic Elements of a Speech. Introduction-attention-getting device, preview of main points, and statement of credibility Central idea-the purpose of the presentation and a specific statement of its main idea

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 Public Speaking: Structuring the Message

  2. Basic Elements of a Speech • Introduction-attention-getting device, preview of main points, and statement of credibility • Central idea-the purpose of the presentation and a specific statement of its main idea • Body-the major points to be expressed • Conclusion-signal of conclusion, review of main points, and ending statement

  3. The Introduction • Gain the listeners attention using an effective attention getting device • Preview statement-orient the audience to main points • Credibility statement-why should we believe you?

  4. Attention Getting Devices • Personal references-why you are speaking on this topic • Humorous stories • Illustrations • Rhetorical questions • Unusual or dramatic devices-shock value • Quotations related to the theme

  5. Credibility • Why should we believe you? • Dr. Stephen Lucas claims there are 3 different moments of credibility: • Initial • Derived • Terminal

  6. Orienting Material • Personal history and tie to the topic-a speaker can gain credibility if he or she has a personal tie or experience related to the topic • Importance to the listeners-a critical part is relating the subject to the audience members in some way

  7. The Central Idea • Designed to keep the speaker on course for developing a purposeful and well-organized speech • Indicates the response the speaker wants from the audience • Ex. “There are two reasons why we should all vote for the school bond issue on November 2.”

  8. The Body of the Speech • Develops through major points as well as any sub-points needed to develop the speaker’s central idea. • Speeches usually have 2-5 main points

  9. Traditional Outline Methods • Spatial • Chronological (Time) • Topical • Causal • Comparison-contrast • Problem-solution

  10. Spatial Arrangement • The main points of the presentation follow a directional pattern. • This could be north-south, left-right, or inside-outside • Ex. Arranging main points to describe the structure of a hurricane • At the center is the eye • Surrounding the eye is the eyewall • Rotating around the eyewall are large bands of clouds

  11. Chronological (Time) Arrangement • Orders main points in a time pattern, events in the sequence of when they happened, or in a process or demonstration-1st, 2nd, 3rd. • Especially useful for informative speeches. • Ex. Steps of getting a tattoo • First the skin is… • Second, the main lines of the tattoo are traced… • Third, colored pigments are added • Fourth, the tattoo is sterilized and bandaged

  12. Topical Arrangement • When the main topic is broken into subtopics. • Ex. To inform my audience about different species of domesticated birds • Macaws • Amazons • Cockatoos

  13. Causal Arrangement • Shows how two or more events are connected in such a way that if one occurs, the other will necessarily follow. • In other words if one event happened, it would cause the second to follow. • A speech in causal order has 2 main points-one dealing with the cause and the other dealing with its effects. • Ex. Pages 361-362

  14. Comparison-Contrast Arrangement • Shows both similarities and differences. Uses only 2 main points. • Ex. Similarities and differences between two-and four-year state supported schools. • Similarities • Differences

  15. Problem-Solution Arrangement • Divided into two main points. The first shows the existence and seriousness of a problem. The second presents a workable solution to the problem. • Ex. What is mental illness and how can it be dealt with? • Mental illness defined • Treatment for mental illness

  16. The Conclusion • Signal you are concluding • Review your main points • Memorable statement

  17. Memorable Statement • Personal reference • Humorous story • Illustration • Rhetorical question • Unusual or dramatic device • Quotations

  18. Next Week Monday Chapters 2, 3, 14 Wednesday Demonstration Speeches, Chapter 4 Have a GREAT weekend!

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