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Muscular System

Muscular System. Chapter 8 Starting on pg. 169. Prefixes and Suffixes to know for this Chapter! . Calat – something inserted Erg - work. Ex. Synergist: muscle that works with a prime mover to produce a movement. Hyper - over, more. Hypertrophy: enlargement of muscle fibers.

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Muscular System

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  1. Muscular System Chapter 8 Starting on pg. 169

  2. Prefixes and Suffixes to know for this Chapter! Calat – something inserted Erg- work. Ex. Synergist: muscle that works with a prime mover to produce a movement. Hyper- over, more. Hypertrophy: enlargement of muscle fibers. Inter- between. Laten- hidden. Latent period Myo- muscle. Myofibril: contractile structure within a muscle cell. Sarco- flesh. Sarcoplasm: material within a muscle fiber. Syn- together. Synergist: muscle that works with a prime mover to produce a movement. Tetan- stiff. Tetanic contraction: sustained musclular contraction. -troph- well fed. Muscular hypertrophy: enlargement of muscle fibers.

  3. 8.1 Introduction 3 types of muscles: • Smooth: muscles of internal organs. • Cardiac: heart muscle. • Skeletal: muscle on bones.

  4. 8.2 Structure of a Skeletal Muscle Connective Tissue Coverings: • Fascia: layers of fibrous connective tissue, separates an individual skeletal muscle from adjacent muscles and hold it in position. • Aponeuroses: broad fibrous sheets, may attach to bone, or to the coverings of adjacent muscles. • Epimysium: layer of connective tissue that closely surrounds a skeletal muscle. • Perimysium: extend inward from the epimysium and separate the muscle tissue into small compartments. • Fascicles: compartments that perimysium surround that contain bundles of skeletal muscle fibers. • Endomysium: layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber within a fascicle.

  5. Skeletal Muscle Fibers • Sarcolemma: muscle cell membrane. • Sarcoplasm: muscle cell cytoplasm. • Myofibrils: found in sarcoplasm, threadlike structures that lie parallel to one another.

  6. Protein Filaments in Myofibrils Myosin: thick ones with the protein myosin. Actin: thin ones with the protein actin. Also: troponin and tropomyosin. *The organization of these filaments produces the alternating light and dark striations, or bands.

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