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Understanding Living Systems: Characteristics, Conditions, and Energy of Life

Explore the fundamentals of living systems in Chapter Two. This chapter answers the question, "Is it alive?" by examining characteristics that define living organisms, such as response to stimuli, growth, energy usage, and reproduction. An investigation on ideal growth conditions for clover plants highlights environmental factors influencing life stages. Through examples like barnacles, we illustrate essential life processes. We also delve into different energy forms, outlining their role in sustaining life. This comprehensive overview enriches your understanding of biology.

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Understanding Living Systems: Characteristics, Conditions, and Energy of Life

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  1. Living Systems

  2. Chapter Two: Living Things • 2.1 Is it Alive? • 2.2 What is a Living System?

  3. Investigation 2A Plant Growth • What conditions are ideal for the growth of clover plants?

  4. 2.1 Is it alive? • An organismis an individual form of life. • Biologists often use five basic rules to classify something as living or nonliving. Yeast is a living organism. Each tiny sphere is an individual living thing.

  5. Characteristics of Living Things • All living things respond to a stimulus. The sunlight is a stimulus and the frog’s choice to sun himself is called a response. • All living things take materials from their surroundings such as food, water, and gases and use these materials to get energy. • Growth refers to an increase in mass and to an increase in number of cells. • The process of making more of the same kind of organism is called reproduction. • A cell is the smallest unit of a living thing.

  6. 2.1 Is it alive? • This is a barnacle. • Read about the five characteristics of life on page 29. • Then decide whether it is alive.

  7. 2.1 Is it alive? • Barnacles respondto their environment by closing their shells at low tide, and opening them at high tide. • Barnacles growand develop. They begin life as free-swimming creatures. Once they find a good spot, they “glue” themselves to a rock and form a shell. • Barnacles reproduce. After fertilization from a male barnacle, females hold the eggs in their shells until they hatch. • By waving their legs, barnacles capture food. They use energyfrom the food to move their legs, open and close their shells, and carry out all life processes. • If you examined the legs of a barnacle with a microscope you would see that they are made of individual cells.

  8. 2.1 Types of energy • Energyis sometimes defined as the ability to cause change or do work. • There are many forms of energy. • Any form can be converted into any other form.

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