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Imperialism

Imperialism. Chapter 12- The New Imperialism (1800-1914) Chapter 13- New Global Patterns. 12.1 Building Overseas Empires. The Industrial revolution armed western European countries with the ideas and technologies that gave them industrial advantage over other areas in the world.

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Imperialism

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  1. Imperialism Chapter 12- The New Imperialism (1800-1914) Chapter 13- New Global Patterns

  2. 12.1 Building Overseas Empires • The Industrial revolution armed western European countries with the ideas and technologies that gave them industrial advantage over other areas in the world. • This new economic and political power caused Western nations to set out to dominate and take over the world.

  3. Motives Driving the New Imperialism • Imperialism- Domination of the political, economic, or cultural life by one country over another. • Imperialism did not start in the 1800s. Imperialism could be traced back to the early 1500s • Beginning in the 1870s, Europeans brought much of the world under their influence and control.

  4. Causes: Economic Interests • Manufacturers wanted access to natural resources such as rubber, petroleum, manganese for steel, and palm oil for machinery • Also looking for new markets of consumers to buy their factory goods • Colonies also offered a valuable outlet for Europe’s growing population

  5. Causes: Political and Military Motives • Steam-powered merchant ships and naval vessels needed bases around the world to take on coal and supplies • Took over islands or harbors to do so • Nationalism played a role in expansion as well • Ruling a global empire increased a nation’s prestige (power to influence due to wealth)

  6. Causes: Social Darwinism • Many Europeans embraced the ideas of Social Darwinism, which centered around the concept of survival of the fittest • They thought that European races were superior to all others, and that imperial domination of weaker races was nature’s way of improving the human species

  7. Rapid Spread of Western Imperialism • From 1870-1914 imperialist nations gained control of much of the world • Leading the way were soldiers, merchants, settlers, missionaries, and explorers

  8. Causes: Weakness of Nations • Nations in decline: Ottoman Middle East, India, and China. • In West Africa, wars among African people and damaging effect of the slave trade caused problems • Newer African states could not resist the Western onslaught

  9. Causes: European Advantages • Strong economies, well-0rganized governments, and powerful armies and navies • Superior technology, including riverboats and the telegraph also played a key role • Machine guns, repeating rifles, and steam-driven warships helped persuade Africans and Asians to accept European control

  10. Forms of Imperial Rule • French- Direct Rule (sent officials and soldiers from France to administer their colonies) • British- Indirect Rule (Used sultans, chiefs, or other local rulers and educated them in Britain to spread British civilization. Used force only if necessary) • Protectorate- Local rulers left in place, but had to follow advice of Europeans on issues such as trade or missionary activity • Sphere of Influence- Area in which an outside power claimed investment or trading privileges (China)

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