1 / 33

Classification

Classification. How do we organize living things?. classification - the grouping of objects or information based on similarities taxonomy - branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on their characteristics. How did classification begin? .

mimir
Télécharger la présentation

Classification

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Classification

  2. How do we organize living things? • classification- the grouping of objects or information based on similarities • taxonomy- branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on their characteristics

  3. How did classification begin? • Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) developed the first system of classification • classified all organisms into 2 groups: plants and animals • subdivisions based on where the organisms lived (land, air, water, etc.) • did not group organisms based on evolutionary history (ex- bats, birds, insects all together)

  4. Carolus Linnaeus developed a method in the eighteenth century that is still used today • system was based on physical and structural similarities • developed the naming system known asbinomial nomenclature

  5. Binomial Nomenclature • binomial nomenclature- two-word system for naming and identifying species • first word identifies thegenusof the organism • a group of similar species • second word is called thespecific epithet • describes a characteristic of the organism • the two words = the scientific name for a species

  6. Writing Scientific Names • in Latin • italicized or underlined • the first letter of the genus name is uppercase • the first letter of the specific epithet is lowercase

  7. Example: Homo sapiens • modern humans • in the genus Homo • sapiens means “wise” in Latin

  8. What features could you use to identify these?

  9. Modern Classification • today’s taxonomists try to identify evolutionary relationships as a basis for classification • compare external and internal structures, geographical distribution, genetic makeup

  10. Learning How to Identify Organisms • anyone can learn to identify organisms • taxonomist use dichotomous keys to identify organisms • dichotomous key-aset of paired statements that can be used to identify organisms

  11. How Living Things are Classified • taxon- a group of organisms (plural = taxa) • taxa range from broad categories to very specific categories • more than one classification system exists • the six kingdom system is most common

  12. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species KingPhilCameOverForGreatSpaghetti. KPCOFGS

  13. Species • organisms that look alike and successfully interbreed • the smallest, most specific taxon

  14. Genus • group of similar species that have similar features and are closely related

  15. Family • a group of similar genera (plural for genus)

  16. Order • taxon of similar families

  17. Class • taxon of similar orders

  18. Phylum (plural = phyla) • taxon of similar classes • plant taxonomist use the taxondivisioninstead of phylum

  19. Kingdom • taxon of similar phyla or divisions (plants)

  20. BOBCAT LYNX HOUSE CAT

  21. BOBCAT/LYNX Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia Order- Carnivora Family- Felidae Genus/Species- Lynx rufus (red) Lynx canadensis (from Canada) HOUSE CAT Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia Order- Carnivora Family- Felidae Genus/Species- Felis domesticus (from the house)

  22. Archaebacteria • unicellular prokaryotes (lack nuclei) • usually found in extreme environments- extremophiles • extreme heat • no oxygen • highly acidic • oldest known life forms on Earth

  23. DEEP SEA VOLCANO VENT

  24. Eubacteria • most bacteria fall into this kingdom • found everywhere; most commonly known

  25. E. COLI STREP CHOLERA

  26. Protists • the “odds and ends” kingdom- extremely diverse! • contain all microscopic organisms that are not bacteria, not plants, not animals, and not fungi

  27. Fungi • mushrooms, mold, mildew • mostly multicellular • cannot make their own food

  28. Plants • autotrophs- make their own food • multicellular • second largest kingdom

  29. Animals • multicellular • heterotrophs- must feed on other organisms • largest kingdom (over 1 million species)

More Related