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Gastrointestinal System

Essentially,a long tube running through the body with specialized sections capable of digesting material. Gastrointestinal System. Jenna Stellato, Lauren Gomez, and Marissa LaLuna. Esophagus. Used to pass food to the stomach Stratified squamous epithelial tissue Secretes mucus

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Gastrointestinal System

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  1. Essentially,a long tube running through the body with specialized sections capable of digesting material... Gastrointestinal System Jenna Stellato, Lauren Gomez, and Marissa LaLuna

  2. Esophagus • Used to pass food to the stomach • Stratified squamous epithelial tissue • Secretes mucus • Mucus glands help the passage of food

  3. Stomach

  4. Structure of Stomach • J-shaped • Two openings- • esophageal and duodenal • Four regions

  5. Function of Stomach • Fundus • collects digestive gases • Cardia • opening of the esophagus, into stomach • Body • secretes acid with enzymes that digest food • Pylorus • responsible for mucus, gastrin, and pepsinogen

  6. Gastric Secretions • Mucus • coats & lubricates the gastric surface and protects epithelium from acidic substances • Acid • important for activation pepsinogen and inactivation of bacteria • Protease • type of protein that speed up the breakdown of others • Hormones • a hormone called gastrin is secreted from the gastric epithelium and it controls acid secretion

  7. Mixing and Emptying Actions • Chyme- a semifluid paste of food particles and gastric juice • Peristaltic waves push the chyme toward the pyloric region • The stomach’s contractions push the chyme to the small intestine • Most food will pass through the stomach fast and easily, but some fatty foods may stay in the stomach longer

  8. Pancreas • Glandular organ

  9. Structure of Pancreas • Located below the stomach • Three parts • head, body, and tail

  10. Function of Pancreas • Endocrine gland that produces several important hormones, like insulin and glucagon • Contains digestive enzymes which help to break down carbs, proteins, and lipids

  11. Pancreatic Juice • A watery fluid secreted by the pancreas which contains enzymes that break down partially digested food in the small intestine.

  12. Liver • Detoxifies blood to get rid of harmful substances

  13. Liver Structure • A triangular organ which extends across abdominal cavity • Made up of pinkish-brown tissue and connective tissue • Contains bile ducts which are tubes that carry bile through the liver and the gallbladder

  14. Liver Functions • Stores vitamins and iron • Stores glucose • Converts stored sugar into usable sugar • Destroys old red blood cells

  15. Gallbladder • Pear-shaped sac • composed of three parts: • neck,body,fundus • Stores and concentrates bile: • a liquid that the body uses to digest fat and neutralize acid • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnzwbipJuAA&safe=active

  16. Small Intestine • Where most of the chemical and mechanical digestion is carried out

  17. Structure of Small Intestine • Smooth muscle wall

  18. Function of Small Intestine • Peristalsis- Rhythmic contraction to digest food • Duodenum: Neutralizes acidic gastric materials to continue the digestive process • Jejunum: Handles absorption of carbohydrates and proteins, vitamins, minerals, and iron • Ileum: Coiled parts of the small intestine that absorbs nutrients from digested food

  19. Large Intestine • Far larger than small intestine • Digestion already took place in small intestine • Gets rid of wastes in the body

  20. Structure of the Large Intestine • Is 5ft. long • 6 regions: cecum,ascending colon, and rectum, Transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

  21. Function of the Large Intestine • Salt and water absorption takes place here • Maintaining fluid balance • Some vitamins are absorbed here

  22. Diseases of Gastrointestinal System • Acid reflex- Symptoms-Heartburn,Regurgitation,Nausea Treatment- Medications (antacids),Diet, surgery in extreme cases

  23. Diseases of Gastrointestinal System • Gallstones- • pieces of solid material that form in the gallbladder • develop because cholesterol and pigments in bile which sometimes form into hard particles • Cholesterol Stones- yellow-green (most common) • Pigment Stones- small and darker color • Symptoms not present in most cases

  24. Diseases of Gastrointestinal System Gastritis- • inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining • caused by alcohol use, bacterial or viral infections, or the use of certain medications • Symptoms- abdominal pain/bloating, vomiting, indigestion, loss of appetite • Treatments- upper endoscopy, blood tests, stool tests, antacids (to reduce stomach acid) • Crohn’s Disease- • inflammatory bowel disease which can cause inflammation of the digestive tract • Symptoms- abdominal pain, diarrhea and malnutrition • Therapy can help the pain • People with Crohn’s disease can still function and live a normal everyday life

  25. Video http://youtu.be/URHBBE3RKEs

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