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Convention of Ozone Depletion and the Montreal Protocol

Convention of Ozone Depletion and the Montreal Protocol. Draft Year: 1987 Amendment Years: 1990, 1992, 1995 International. Stephanie Curtis Period 6. Description/Environmental Issues Affected. Signed by just 24 nations in 1987, subsequently ratified by 191 governments

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Convention of Ozone Depletion and the Montreal Protocol

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  1. Convention of Ozone Depletion and the Montreal Protocol Draft Year: 1987 Amendment Years: 1990, 1992, 1995 International Stephanie Curtis Period 6

  2. Description/Environmental Issues Affected • Signed by just 24 nations in 1987, subsequently ratified by 191 governments • provided for gradual phasing-out of CFC (ozone depleting substances) production and CFC consumption by industrialized countries to 50 percent of their 1986 levels by 1998-99 (with a ten-year grace period for developing nations) • Just six months later, scientists confirmed that the Antarctic phenomenon was in fact caused by CFCs, and momentum grew for a total phase-out of ozone-depleting chemicals. The Protocol was amended and substantially strengthened at Conferences of the Parties in London (1990), Copenhagen (1992), and Vienna (1995), and continued to be modified in subsequent years. -The number of controlled substances was increased from the original eight to over eighty, and by 1995 most had been eliminated by the industrialized countries -Designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer -chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform--are to be phased out by 2000 (2005 for methyl chloroform)

  3. Agency/Group Responsible for Regulation and Enforcement • EPA – developed and implemented • The United Nations Environment Program organized efforts in 1982 to negotiate an international agreement.

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