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Understanding Matter: Properties and Changes in Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Explore the fundamental concepts of matter, including extensive and intensive properties, and the distinct states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. This guide covers the behavior of atoms in each state, highlighting their interactions, movement, and the effects on volume and compressibility. Learn about physical properties, such as color, temperature, and density, and understand physical changes that do not alter molecular identity. Engage with comprehension check questions to reinforce your understanding of these essential scientific principles.

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Understanding Matter: Properties and Changes in Solids, Liquids, and Gases

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Presentation Transcript

  1. 2.1 - Properties of Matter Extensive & Intensive Properties States of Matter Physical Properties & Changes

  2. States of Matter Pre-Quiz • Which has the greater volume, the water in the test tube or the water on the counter? • Which has the greater volume, the sheet of aluminum foil or the ball? • Which has the greater mass, the sheet of aluminum foil or the ball? • Answers • Same Volume; Same Volume, Same Mass

  3. Relative separation of Molecules

  4. I. States of Matter • Solids • Atoms are vibrating slowly and hold each other in place by intermolecular forces • Atoms are really close together (imagine them as “touching”) • Retains its shape because the atoms hold each together • Retains volume because atoms cannot get much closer or farther apart • Incompressible (Virtually) because atoms are already really close together

  5. I. States of Matter • Liquids • Atoms are moving faster and are able to move around • Atoms are still really close together (imagine mosh pit) • Takes on the shape of the container because the atoms can move around each other and “flow” • Retains volume because atoms cannot get much closer together and they cannot escape each other • Incompressible (Virtually) because atoms are already as close as possible

  6. I. States of Matter • Gases • Atoms are moving super fast and break free of one another • The atoms are widely separated (imagine a swarm of fruit fly’s) • Takes on the shape of the container because the atoms can move all over the place and “flow” • Takes on the volume of the container because atoms aren’t held together and can spread out in all directions • Easily compressed because atoms are far apart and can be easily squeezed closer together. • Vapor – used to describe a gas that is normally a solid or liquid (i.e. water vapor, “vaporize”)

  7. Comprehension Check Fast Slow Medium Far Apart Touching Touching No Yes Yes No Yes No

  8. II. Physical Properties & Changes • Physical Properties – anything that can be measured without a chemical reaction • Color, temperature, volume, shape, hardness, density, mass, weight, boiling & melting temperatures, etc. • Often used to identify materials • Physical Change – any change that does not affect the identity of the molecules that make up the material • Boiling, freezing, evaporation, change in shape, breaking, etc.

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