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Coastal Ocean

Coastal Ocean. Laws of ocean ownership Estuaries Humans interactions. Laws of ownership. Freedom of the Seas UN Law of the Sea Territorial Sea Exclusive Economic Zone. Estuaries. Where rivers meet the sea Embayment Mixing of salt and fresh water Protected from waves and storms

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Coastal Ocean

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  1. Coastal Ocean Laws of ocean ownership Estuaries Humans interactions

  2. Laws of ownership • Freedom of the Seas • UN Law of the Sea • Territorial Sea • Exclusive Economic Zone

  3. Estuaries • Where rivers meet the sea • Embayment • Mixing of salt and fresh water • Protected from waves and storms • Good harbors Chesapeake Bay

  4. Estuaries: formation • Coastal plain: Chesapeake Bay as example • Fjord: Puget Sound as example • Bar-built: Pamlico Sound as example • Tectonic: San Francisco Bay as example

  5. FJORD COASTAL PLAIN BAR BUILT TECTONIC

  6. Estuaries: circulation • Vertically mixed • Highly stratified • Salt wedge (classic) • Think about salinity variation with depth • Consider what causes these patterns

  7. VERTICALLY MIXED SLIGHTLY STRATIFIED HIGHLY STRATIFIED SALT WEDGE

  8. Human impacts • Estuaries in general • Estuaries – specific examples • Chesapeake Bay • Columbia River estuary • Marine pollution – some examples

  9. Coastal pollution • Petroleum • Sewage • Specific chemicals • DDT and PCBs • Mercury • Plastics • Non-native species

  10. Petroleum pollution examples • Exxon Valdez in AK, 1989 • Deepwater Horizon in Gulf of Mexico, 2010 • Spills due to Persian Gulf War, 1991 • But most oil in ocean comes from small sources

  11. Sources of oil to oceans

  12. Sewage • New York City – closed shallow water sewage sludge disposal sites; using deep water site, but fisheries are degrading • Boston harbor – new sewage treatment plant and tunnel to offshore site; unintended consequences?

  13. Sewage • New York City – closed shallow water sewage sludge disposal sites; using deep water site, but fisheries are degrading • Boston harbor – new sewage treatment plant and tunnel to offshore site; unintended consequences?

  14. Specific chemicals • DDT (pesticide) – problems with bird populations; persistent in environment • PCB ( used in insulation) – reproductive problems in sea lions; persistent in environment • Mercury – bioaccumulation; affects human nervous system

  15. Plastics

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