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Understanding Bacterial Plasmids and Genetic Transformation in Bacteria

This entry focuses on the role of plasmids in bacteria, detailing how they contribute to antibiotic resistance and genetic manipulation. Plasmids, which are small circles of DNA, can harbor important genes and can be easily manipulated in laboratory settings using restriction enzymes and ligases. The entry highlights the process of bacterial transformation, where bacteria can acquire new traits by taking in plasmids from their environment. It also provides an introduction to the use of GFP genes and antibiotic resistance genes in plasmids.

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Understanding Bacterial Plasmids and Genetic Transformation in Bacteria

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  1. Friday, May 4, 2012 Homework: None

  2. Entry 46: DihybridPunnettSquares-5/2/12 Attach dihybrid sheet Entry 47: pGLO intro questions- 5/4/12 Glue in the questions, read info sheet, answer questions

  3. PLASMIDS CHROMOSOME

  4. Bacterial plasmids Most bacterial DNA is in a single large chromosome, but some DNA is in small circles called plasmids. • Plasmids can have genes which make bacteria resistant to antibiotics • Plasmids can be passed between bacteria

  5. CUT OUT THE PAPER STRIP WITH THE UNEVEN ENDS-TAPE TOGETHER TO MAKE A RING LIKE THE PICTURE ON THE RIGHT GENE FOR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

  6. DNA from jellyfish with a gene for making GFP Plasmid with restriction enzyme sites and a gene for antibiotic resistance

  7. Gene Enhancer Promoter Coding sequence Terminator GFP GENE AMPICILLIN RESISTANCE GENE (bla) THE PLASMID

  8. Plasmids can be manipulated easily in the laboratory • Plasmids can be collected from bacteria • Restriction enzymes can cut specific sequences of DNA • Ligase (enzyme) can paste pieces of DNA together • Bacteria can be transformed by taking in plasmids given to them

  9. Cutting and Pasting DNA • Restriction enzymes act like molecular scissors – they cut the DNA! • Ligaseacts like molecular glue – it is used to reconnect the DNA that has been cut by restriction enzymes.

  10. GATCC G G CCTAG A Restriction Enzyme: BamH I

  11. Transforming Bacteria • When a bacterial cell takes in a plasmid from the environment, it has new DNA (and therefore, new traits). • Scientists say that the bacteria has been transformed.

  12. PLASMIDS WITH GFP GENE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENE PORES PLASMIDS

  13. PLASMIDS WITH GFP GENE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENE

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