Importance of Materials Science

1. Importance of Materials Science 12th Sept 2007 Engr. Salma Tirmizi Engr. Mehwish Khan Institution of Engineers

2. Contents • Objectives • Materials • What is Materials Science? • Why Materials? • Applications of Materials Science • Properties of Materials • Processing of Materials • Sub-fields of Materials Science • Materials Characterization

3. Objectives • Realization of the Importance of Materials Science in the present developing era • To spread awareness regarding the innovations and contributions of Materials world in revolutionizing Science and Technology • To strengthen the platform for Materials knowledge and research in Pakistan

4. Materials Substances of which something is composed of Engineering Materials Materials used to produce technical products

5. What is Materials Science? Materials Science is a scientific discipline which is primarily concerned with the search for basic knowledge about the internal structure, properties and processingof materials

6. History of Materials Science

7. Classes of Materials Materials Metals Non-metals Ferrous Non-ferrous Polymers Ceramics Steels Cast iron Each class has its own properties and unlimited applications!

9. Metals Ceramics Composite

10. Applications of Materials Science • Aerospace • Automotive • Electronics • Medicine

11. Applications in Aerospace Industry

12. Biomaterials

14. Comparison of Properties

15. Properties of Materials • High strength • Light weight • Machinability • High Hardness • Corrosion Resistance • Thermal resistance Parts of a car engine

16. Possible candidate materials for Pistons are: • Aluminum • Cast Iron • Steels • Aluminumand Cast Iron are preferred mainly because • They are light-weight! • They are more corrosion resistant ! • They are easily machinable! • They are cheap!

17. Processing of Materials • Extraction • Shaping • Machining • Heat Treatment • Surface Treatment

19. Sub-fields of Materials Science • Nanotechnology • Crystallography • Materials Characterization • Metallurgy • Biomaterials • Electronic and Magnetic Materials • Surface Science • Tribology • Ceramics and Refractories

20. Nanotechnology Control of matter at the nanoscale Nanostructures Structures having at least one dimension between 1 and 100nm • Interesting features of Nanotech • Increased miniaturization with enhanced performance • Enhanced Electrical and Optical properties • Materials with greater strength Small things make a big difference!!

21. Crystallography Atomic Structure Crystalline Non-crystalline Single Crystals Polycrystals Grains Grain boundaries • Grain Size is important! • The smaller the grain size, the stronger is the material!

22. Ferrite Crystal Structure Pearlite Microstructure Austenite Crystal Structure

23. Why Materials Fail? Process of Fracture • Crack Initiation • Crack Propagation • Fracture Brittle Ductile Ductile

24. Materials Characterization • Microscopy • Tensile Tests • Hardness Tests • X-ray Analysis • Non-destructive Testing Grain growth pattern Strength Resistance to abrasion Crystal structure Surface and sub-surface defects

25. Strength • Tensile Test • Metals and Alloys • Polymers • Composites • Compression Test • Ceramics • Concrete

26. Thankyou!