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Section 2: Chemical Reactions

Section 2: Chemical Reactions. Chapter 2 Matter: Properties and Changes. I) Chemical Changes and Properties. A) Chemical Change : The atoms in a substance are rearranged to form a new substance.

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Section 2: Chemical Reactions

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  1. Section 2: Chemical Reactions Chapter 2 Matter: Properties and Changes

  2. I) Chemical Changes and Properties

  3. A) Chemical Change: The atoms in a substance are rearranged to form a newsubstance

  4. 1) Signs of a chemical change: production of light, sound, smoke, or a new coloror smell

  5. 2) Cook eggs change color

  6. 3) Most absorb energy or release energy

  7. a) Burning of wood, oil, coal, gasoline, and natural gas to heat homes, generate electricity, power vehicles, and cook food

  8. B) Chemical Properties: describes the ability of a substance to reactwith other materials and form new substances

  9. 1) Combustibility: the ability to burn

  10. a) The ability to burn is a chemical property; the burning is a chemical change

  11. b) Examples: Coal, Wood, Paper, Charcoal

  12. c) Lignite (type of coal) is highly combustible that it burst into flames without being ignited

  13. d) Methane the atoms separateand combine with oxygen (CH4 forms H2O and CO2)

  14. 2) Reactivity: the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change

  15. a) Elements in the first column of the periodic table are the most reactive

  16. 3) Stability: substances do not easily or very rarely go through chemical changes

  17. a) Noble gasesdo not react easily

  18. II) Types of Reactions

  19. A) Combination Reaction: Substances combinewith oxygen

  20. 1) Give off heatand light

  21. 2) Example: Sulfur combines with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide, a colorless gas that smells like rotten eggs

  22. B) Decomposition Reaction: Substance is broken downinto simpler substances

  23. 1) Example Water separated into Hydrogen and Oxygen by an electrical current

  24. C) Double Replacement Reactions: Iconic compounds switch ions with each other

  25. 1) Example hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide react to form sodiumchloride also water

  26. III) Preventing Chemical Changes

  27. A) Helium protecting the Declaration of Independence from Oxygen

  28. B) Books have pages in which acids have been neutralizedin bases

  29. C) Coating metals

  30. 1) Coating of Zinc, Zinc is morereactivethan steel.

  31. 2) Chromium Coating, Chromium is notreactive and seals the steel

  32. D) Food is cooled to slow down oxidation, and prevent bacteria

  33. E) Antioxidants added to plastics, oil, and gasoline to prevent breakdowns

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