Working with Analogies

Working with Analogies R 1.1 Identify an analogy … Choose a logical word to complete an analogy, using synonyms, antonyms, categories/subcategories, or whole/part.

What is an analogy? • Simple! • An analogy is a comparison.

Analogies test your ability to: • Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair

To answer an analogy question you must: • Recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair • Select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way

Analogies look like this: up : down :: over : under up is to down as over is to under ____ : ____ :: ____ : ____ : means “is to” :: means “as”

In what ways could these pairs of words be related? • The relationship will alwayshave to do with the meaning of the words I get it…they are opposites!

Examples of possible relationships in an analogy: • Synonyms • Antonyms • A part to the whole • A member to the category that contains it

Here is one example of Synonym relationships: Infant:Baby::Grown-Up: _________? Infant:Baby::Grown-Up:Adult

Here is one example of Antonym relationships: Big:Small::Full:_______? Big:Small::Full:Empty

Here is one example of Part to Whole relationships: Wheel:Car::Branch:_______? Wheel:Car::Branch:Tree

Here is one example of Item to Category relationships: Apple:Fruit::Carrot:_______? Apple:Fruit::Carrot:Vegetable

PRACTICECan you identify the relationship? • PLATOON:SOLDIER • STARVATION:BINGING • PERSUASIVE:CONVINCING • SOCCER:SPORT Synonyms or antonyms A part to the whole A item to the category that contains it Cause to effect (or effect to cause)

PRACTICECan you identify the relationship? • PLATOON:SOLDIER • STARVATION:BINGING • PERSUASIVE:CONVINCING • SOCCER:SPORT Synonyms or antonyms A part to the whole A member to the category that contains it Cause to effect (or effect to cause) b a d c

Approaches that may be helpful in answering analogy questions: • Try to determine the precise relationship between the words in the given pair • Then look for the answer choice containing the word pair whose relationship is closest to that of the given pair and can be expressed in a similar fashion

Example APPLE : FRUIT :: • Salad : Mix • Orange: Banana • Juice : Can • Slice : Core • Butterfly: Insect

Example APPLE : FRUIT :: • Salad : Mix • Orange: Banana • Juice : Can • Slice : Core • Butterfly:Insect

More Helpful Approaches: • Pay attention to the order of the words in the pair • Remember that a single word can have several different meaning • Never decide on the best answer without reading all the answer choices • Practice recognizing and formulating relationships between word pairs

Practice Large : Big:: • Remember : Forget • Triumph: Success • Nostril : Smell • Audio : Hear E. Glasses : See

Practice Bat : Hitter • Score: Win • Walk : Run • Mars : Venus • Stick : Hockey Player • Basketball: Hoop

Practice Come : Came:: • Walk : Walking • Ride : Rode • Left : Arrived • Did : Had Done • See : Seen

Working with Analogies