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Transformation of Medieval Society: Agriculture, Trade, Finance, and the Plague (500-1500 AD)

Between 500 and 1500 AD, medieval society underwent significant changes fueled by agriculture and trade. A warmer climate allowed for increased food production through methods like the Three-Field System and the shift from oxen to horses. The rise of guilds improved economic conditions, while the Commercial Revolution saw the establishment of banks and increased trade. However, the Bubonic Plague, or Black Death, devastated Europe, leading to a population decline, trade disruptions, and questioning of faith, forever altering the social landscape.

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Transformation of Medieval Society: Agriculture, Trade, Finance, and the Plague (500-1500 AD)

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  1. MIDDLE AGES A.D. 500 - 1500

  2. I. AGRICULTURE – Expanding civilization required increased food supply; climatebecame warmer between 800-1200 AD *Switch from Oxen to horses *Three Field System – separated fields into 3instead of 2 ; rotatedcrops *Food Production increased *People Lived Longer Changes in medieval society

  3. II.TRADES: *Development of GUILDS *Made up of workers who did same job *Worked to improve economic/social conditions *Set Standards and Prices/Made Rules *Merchant Guild; Craft Guild CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY

  4. III. FINANCE – COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION *Expansion of trade and banking; more workers were needed *borrowing money led to creation of banksby Catholic Church *Jews became chief sources of loans *Merchants’ wealth and power expanded CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY

  5. IV. Urban life renewal V. Revival of learning * Centers of learning established- Universities * Contact with Muslims during Crusades increased available knowledge CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY

  6. Revival of trade, but trade sometimes carried more than goods. Highly Contagious Disease Spread by fleas that lived on rats Called the black death because once bitten by flea, people developed swellings and black bruises Quickly became epidemic – no cure BUBONIC PLAGUE – “BLACK DEATH”

  7. Began in Asia– 1300’s – carried by Mongols along Silk Road; spread to Middle East and North Africa 1347 plague swept through Italy; brought by traders to Europe (Spain, France, Germany, England) Spreads Quickly – in 4 years spreads all through Europe BUBONIC PLAGUE – “BLACK DEATH”

  8. Population Loss – about 1/3 of European pop. Trade Declined – prices rose, production fell Feudalism Declined – peasant revolt Church Suffered – questioned faith Jews were Blamed – persecuted/killed EFFECTS OF PLAGUE

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