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Jefferson Era

Jefferson Era. Unit 3.3. Revolution of 1800. Election of 1800 Jefferson reverses the 1796 results and wins Democratic-Republicans also take over Senate and House Burr electoral problems lead to 12 th Amendment Federalist party would still be strong in New England. Judicial Problems.

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Jefferson Era

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  1. Jefferson Era Unit 3.3

  2. Revolution of 1800 • Election of 1800 • Jefferson reverses the 1796 results and wins • Democratic-Republicans also take over Senate and House • Burr electoral problems lead to 12th Amendment • Federalist party would still be strong in New England

  3. Judicial Problems • Judiciary Act of 1801 – Federalists lowered the number of Supreme Court Justices, but increased number of Federal judges • Led to “midnight appointments” before D-R’s took power • Marbury v. Madison (1803) – issue was midnight appointments • John Marshall – Chief Justice (Federalist) • Judicial Review ruling – Supreme Court can deem a law unconstitutional

  4. More Politics • Impeachment of Justice Samuel Chase • Impeachment charges – from House of Representatives • Trial done in the Senate • Done for political reasons since he was a Federalist, but acquitted of any wrongdoing • Precedent set that Impeachment was not to be used for getting rid of someone just because of different politics

  5. Westward Expansion • “Old Northwest” • Today’s Midwest • “Old Southwest” • Today’s southeast • Motives for moving? • Problems? • Battle of Tippecanoe • William Henry Harrison • Tecumseh (and the Prophet) • Later Battle of Thames • Curse?

  6. 1840 • 1860 • 1880 • 1900 • 1920 • 1940 • 1960 • 1980 • 2000

  7. Jefferson’s Foreign Policy • Basically wanted to try to stay neutral, but couldn’t. • Tried to decrease the size of the military.

  8. Pirates Ahoy – Tripolitian War • From 1801-1805, Jefferson sent ships to unofficial war on the North African Coast • Used Jeffs (smaller, cheaper boats) • Fought the Barbary Pirates • Pirates were demanding “tribute” to cross • “…to the shores of Tripoli.”

  9. Haitian Rebellion • Haiti fought to break away from France • Both and independence movement and a slave Rebellion • Led by Toussaint L’Ouverture • Effects on United States • Tougher Slave Codes • Napoleon would wonder if land in Americas was worth it.

  10. Louisiana Purchase • New Orleans no longer controlled by Spain, so Pinckney’s Treaty becomes void. • Jefferson sends representative to try to buy New Orleans • Bought Louisiana for $15 million • Why did Napoleon sell it to the U.S.?

  11. Jefferson’s Dilemma • Wanted it because he saw it as a chance to expand America into his dream of an agricultural nation of small farmers. • He was a strict constructionist. • Is there anything in the Constitution about the President buying land? • How does he justify it?

  12. Exploration • Zebulon Pike • Explored SW • Lewis and Clark • Meriwether Lewis • William Clark • Sacajawea • 1804-1806 • (What about York the manservant?)

  13. France – Britain problems • Guess what? – France and Britain are fighting another war. • Both regular seized ships and cargo of neutral ships. • France: Berlin and Milan Decrees • Britain: Orders of Council • Impressment – forcing American sailors to serve in British navy • Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807) – off coast of Virginia and almost led to war. TJ resorted to diplomacy and an embargo.

  14. Embargo • In 1807, Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass the Embargo Act of 1807. • Also passed the Force Act which said the federal gov’t would enforce the law. • Embargo backfired as it caused more hardship to New England states than to Britain. • Embargo repealed and replaced with Non-Intercourse Act which said they could trade with all but Britain and France. • Later Macon’s Bill allowed trade if Britain and France w/drew restrictions

  15. Secession? • After the Embargo Act, some New England states spoke of breaking away and forming their own confederation. • Essex Junto • What would this be a step towards?

  16. Virginia Dynasty • Nickname given to the group of President from beginning of our Country. • 4 of the first 5 Presidents • 32 of the first 36 years. • (1) Washington, (3) Jefferson, (4) Madison, (5) Monroe

  17. Reflection Questions • What did the case Marbury v. Madison do and why is that important? • How did Jefferson differ from his stance of a small federal government and strict constructionism with the Purchase of Louisiana and the Embargo Act? • How did the Louisiana Purchase happen and why was it great for the United States? • In what ways did Jefferson listen to Washington about staying Neutral and in what ways did he not?

  18. Links • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVnJuYEz-WI&list=UUZYs757tACChkS-vjS1m66Q&index=57&feature=plcp – review video • http://www.safeshare.tv/v/KYgo-ISnJ4w - President’s song • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaPRnsgFxOU&feature=related – Adams Jefferson “campaign ad” • http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=18 – Louisiana Purchase

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