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Understanding Mitosis: The Process of Cell Division in the Human Body

Mitosis is the vital process through which new body cells are created, playing a crucial role in growth, repair, and maintenance of human tissues. Each human body cell contains 46 chromosomes, and during mitosis, the cell undergoes several phases: Interphase, Mitosis (with Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase), and Cytokinesis. Key events include chromatin condensing into chromosomes, aligning at the cell's center, chromatids separating, and the formation of new cells with their own nuclear envelopes. Understanding mitosis is essential for grasping how our bodies grow and heal.

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Understanding Mitosis: The Process of Cell Division in the Human Body

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  1. Making New Cells: Mitosis

  2. Body Cells • Mitosis: process used to make new body cells • Body cells are cells found in the human body • Ex: Heart, lungs, skin, muscle, etc. • Human body has 46 chromosomes in each body cell

  3. Mitosis within the cell cycle • Cell cycle: • Interphase • Mitosis • Cytokinesis • Phases of mitosis • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

  4. Mitosis: Prophase • Chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form the chromosomes • Two pair of centrioles move to opposite sides of the nucleus • Nuclear envelope breaks down Centrioles Chromatin to chromosomes

  5. Mitosis: Metaphase Chromosomes Centrioles • Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell • Each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at the centromere • Hint: remember metaphase starts with an “M” and so does “middle” Centomere Spindle fiber

  6. New chromosomes Mitosis: Anaphase • Centomeres split • Chromatids separate • Each chromatid becomes a new chromosome • Chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell • Hint: anaphase starts with an “A” and so does “apart” Chromatids separate

  7. Nuclear envelope Mitosis: Telophase • Chromosomes begin to stretch out • New nuclear envelope forms around each region of chromosomes Stretching chromosomes

  8. New cells Process of Mitosis • Eventually two new cells are formed • Then cytokinesis begins

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