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The New Nation. Chapter 8. Federalists & Jeffersonian Republicans. Section 3. The Rise of Political Parties. Commercial v. Agrarian Interests Atlantic seaboard v. Western frontier Anglophiles v. Francophiles Different interests began to polarize over the issue of Jay’s Treaty in 1795.
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The New Nation Chapter 8
Federalists & Jeffersonian Republicans Section 3
The Rise of Political Parties • Commercial v. Agrarian Interests • Atlantic seaboard v. Western frontier • Anglophiles v. Francophiles • Different interests began to polarize over the issue of Jay’s Treaty in 1795. • Agrarians, Westerners, Southerners and Francophiles opposed the treaty.
The Rise of Political Parties Federalists Federalists Members of G.W’s administration, pro British, Anti-French, power base were merchants, urban workers, and property owners, strong in New England. • Wanted a strong national government but would still share powers with the states. Minority party after 1800. Also favored financial & diplomatic policies
The Rise of Political Parties Jeffersonian Republicans Jeffersonian Republicans Also, most were Southern planters and Northern planters. The majority party after 1800. • Also known as Democratic Republicans. They favored limited gov’t power, sympathetic to the French Revolution, anti-British.
The Adams Presidency • The Election of 1796 • John Adams won and was a Federalist • Thomas Jefferson won the second most votes but was a Republican. • Federalist President + Republican Vice President= Oppositional and ineffective government
The Adams Presidency • Adams authority was undercut by Jefferson and Hamilton, who had retired but still gave much advice to Adam’s Cabinet. Meanwhile, relations with France declined.
The Adams Presidency • In 2 years, the French seized more than 300 ships and confiscated $20 million worth of cargo. • The French delegates known as X,Y and Z demanded bribes before any negotiations to stop the seizure would occur. • Many Americans turned anti-French and prepared for war.
A diplomatic incident n 1798 in which Americans were outraged by the demand of the French for a bribe as a condition for negotiating with American diplomats. Adam’s popularity soared as a result. The XYZ Affair Led to a French Quasi- War, a war that never occurred.
The Sedition and Alien Acts • 1798- Four acts of Congress were passed that severely limited freedom of speech, press and the liberty of foreigners.
The Alien and Sedition Acts Alien Act & Alien Enemies Act Sedition Act Provided heavy fines and imprisonment for anyone convicted of writing, speaking or publishing anything malicious against the gov’t. • Authorized the President to order the imprisonment or deportation of suspected aliens during wartime.
VA & KY declared the laws unconstitutional & declared them null…states going their own way. The Alien & Sedition Act Effect- Virginia and Kentucky Resolves
The Revolution of 1800 • The Federalist Party split over peace negotiations with France. John Adams wanted a treaty but Hamilton headed a coalition who didn’t…..led to a division in the party prior to the Election of 1800. • The Election of 1800 was the first election with two national political parties; Federalists couldn’t overcome disunity; ticket of Jefferson & Burr attempted sectional balance.
Election of 1800 • Republicans voted for T. Jefferson & A. Burr which created a tie in electoral votes. The vote went to the House and they voted for Jefferson for President.
Democratic Republicans took South, West, NY and part of Penn. • Federalists took New England and part of Penn. The Election of 1800 12th Amendment- Created separate ballots for president and vice president, was ratified in time for the next presidential election.
Changing Political Culture • More people became involved in politics- voting, running for election • Increase in parades, liberty poles, July 4th holiday • Popular interest in politics increased. • In some states, universal male suffrage was implemented & in others, property requirements were lowered.
The Rise of a National Culture • The Press • By 1789, the U.S had 92 newspapers. • The press played a key role in politics. • Prosecution under the Sedition Act threatened to curb further development of a free press.
The Rise of a National culture • American Literature- • Thomas Paine’s Common Sense and The American Crisis, “These are the times that try men’s souls.”
