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‘How would you make an energy storage fibre’

GIVEN TOPIC. ‘How would you make an energy storage fibre’. Arne L üker , 6 th of Sept. 2012, Uxbridge/London arnelueker@aim.com www.arne-lueker.de. Overview “Smart textiles, e-textiles”. Potential applications military/aero- or astronautical garment devices

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‘How would you make an energy storage fibre’

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  1. GIVEN TOPIC ‘How would you make an energy storage fibre’ Arne Lüker, 6thof Sept. 2012, Uxbridge/London arnelueker@aim.com www.arne-lueker.de

  2. Overview“Smart textiles, e-textiles” • Potential applications • military/aero- or astronautical garment devices • biomedical/antimicrobial textiles • personal electronics • Limitations (up to date) • energy harvesting is an easy challenge compared to energy storage using textiles • conventional batteries and capacitors are too bulky and heavy • nonwowenand/or electrospun fibres are not directly applicable for direct integration 1, 2 • Not a continuous part of the pre-existing textile, expensive and/or toxic, pseudocapacitivematerials life cycle? • carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, CNTs) are too expensive and ineffective 1,3-5 • Example - Mass loading of CNT fabric supercapacitor: • 10 µg/cm2 – 2 mg/cm2 per 2-electrode device compared to ~ 5 mg/cm2 per 1-electrode device with nanoparticles

  3. E-textiles in practice (6) • e-textiles should be • non-toxic • inexpensive • washable at 60 °C plus x • cosy, flexible and breathable • easy to handle and fashionable • active materials should be • stainable • “sticky n’tacky” (only) to the fabric • easy to apply Optical photograph of (a) a commercial cotton T-shirt (b) a piece of ACT and (c) a piece of ACT under folding condition, showing its highly flexible nature. (d) and (e) SEM images of cotton T-shirt textile and ACT, and insets are SEM images of individual cellulose fiber and activated carbon fiber, respectively.7

  4. The simple pathtowards e-Textiles weightcomponentofParticles per fiber 81% 37% (6) Raw Textile (e.g. Cotton) NaMnO4 Na2C4H2O4 2.5M H2SO4 Activation (e.g. NaF-dip + drying) NaxMnO2+y·nH2O „xerogel“ Ionic bonding ACT (activatedcarbon textile) (7) Bonding via Van Derwaals forces Waterexchange (acetone, cyclohexaneandhexane) & drying „ambigel“ (8) SEM images of MnO2 on ACT fibers, an individual ACT fiber coated with a thin film of MnO2 and TEM image of the MnO2-flake FT-IR spectra of cotton textile and ACT, showing the conversion of cellulose fibers into activated carbon fibers (8) E-Textile Notes: aqueoussodiumpermanganate - NaMnO4 aqueoussodium fumarate - Na2C4H2O4 CV curve of xerogel (– –) and ambigel (—) forms of Na0.35MnO2.02·0.75H2O

  5. The Challenge: The Electrolyte (6) (10) (9) (7) • Aqueous layers are unwanted in e-Textiles • BUT: Even in SWNT-systems separators and liquids are needed to prevent electrical short circuits while also allowing the transport of ionic charge carriers • Triple Layer System • Aqueous electrolyte Technological Limitation to date Big Challenge and Motivation for the next two years with a Great Impact on different areas of applied sciences! YP 17: Porous activated carbon derived from coconut shells - SWNT: Single-Walled carbon NanoTubes

  6. References • 1) M. Pasta, F. L. Mantia, L. Hu, H. D. Deshazerand Y. Cui, Nano Res., 2010, 3, 452–458. • 2) A. Laforgue, J. Power Sources, 2011, 196, 559–564. • 3) L. B. Hu, M. Pasta, F. La Mantia, L. F. Cui, S. Jeong, H. D. Deshazer, J. W. Choi, S. M. Han Y. Cui, Nano Lett., 2010, 10, 708–714. • L. Hu, J. W. Choi, Y. Yang, S. Jeong, F. La Mantia, L. F. Cui,Y. Cui, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. • U. S. A., 2009, 106, 21490–21494. • V. L. Pushparaj, M. M. Shaijumon, A. Kumar, S. Murugesan, L. Ci, R. Vajtai, R. J. Linhardt, O. Nalamasu ,P. M. Ajayan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2007, 104, 13574–13577. • K. Jost, C.R. Perez, J.K. McDonough, V. Presser, M. Heon, G. Dion, Y. Gogotsi, Energy & Environmental Science, 2011 • L. Bao, X. Li, Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 3246 – 3252 • A. Lüker, Sol–gel MnO2 as an electrode material forelectrochemicalcapacitors, • Research Notes 2634, 2008 • Y. Zhai , Y. Dou , D. Zhao , P. F. Fulvio , R. T. Mayes,S. Dai, Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 4828–4850 • L. Hu, M. Pasta, F. L. Mantia, L. Cui, S. Jeong, H. D. Deshazer, J. W. Choi, S. M. Han, Y. Cui, Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 708-714

  7. Thanks! More information on www.arne-lueker.de

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