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Progressive Era

Progressive Era. Progressives were never a unified group with a single objective or goal; instead they had many different and sometimes contradictory ideas and views. These included: Prohibition Full government ownership of private utilities

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Progressive Era

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  1. Progressive Era • Progressives were never a unified group with a single objective or goal; instead they had many different and sometimes contradictory ideas and views. These included: Prohibition Full government ownership of private utilities End to child labor Immigration restriction legislation Anti-trust legislation Rate regulation of private utilities Women's suffrage "Americanization" of immigrants Political reform Destruction of urban political machines

  2. These changes in public opinion occurred because: Unemployment and labor unrest Wasteful use of natural resources Abuses of corporate power Growing cities magnified problems of poverty, disease, crime, and corruption Influx of immigrants and rise of new managerial class upset traditional class alignments Massive depression (1893-1897) convinced many that equal opportunity was out of reach for many Americans Progressive Era

  3. Progressive Era Muckrakers – books and articles to change society Mugwumps – liberal Rep. who exposed corruption • Edward Bellamy– Looking Backwards a perfect society in the year 2000 tells what the govt did to get us there. • Henry Demarest Lloyd– exposed the Standard oil Co. called Wealth against the Commonwealth. Showed how ruthless Rockefeller was • Jacob Riis– How the other half lives – about the slums of NYC. It was very gross and graphic got people interested in helping.

  4. Progressive Era Magazines : • McClure’s – Ida Tarbell wrote for them to expose the Standard Oil Co. her dad had worked for them and gotten screwed. Joseph Flynt wrote about corruption in the NYC police dept. • Cosmopolitan – David Graham Phillips wrote about corruption in the senate showed their bribes. • Colliers – Dr. Harvey Wiley wrote about the medicines of the time and the things that they had in them drugs – like Coke, Mother’s helpers – opium – (story from the History museum. )

  5. Authors: Upton Sinclair – The Jungle – about the meat packaging industry in Chicago, putting all sorts of bad stuff in it, rats, the filth that is in the food that you eat. Frank Norris – The Octopus – About the RR and how they strangle the farmers. John Spango-the Bitter Cry of the Children – about the sweat shop kids their high death rate, TB etc. Ray Stannard Baker – Following the Color Line – Blacks in the south shows that 90% of US blacks who lived in the south were poor beyond belief, no plumbing, 1/3 illiterate; this motivated the NAACP and Urban league. Marie & Bessie Van Vorst – The Woman who Toils – this was directed and the richer women who did not work to tell them about their poorer counterparts and their hard lives and mothers and workers. Progressive Era

  6. Progressive Era Settlement houses • Jane Addams • Hull House – had actives and programs, cultural exhibits, child care centers, clubs and summer camps, health care clinics

  7. Progressive Era Temperance Reform • 1874 – WCTU delegation in Cleveland OH they were affiliated with Protestantism and Nativism. They thought that the new immigrants drank too much alcohol. • 1895 – Anti Saloon League – started by a man named Francis Willard. A woman named Carrie Nation went around smashing saloons in Kansas. • In 1903 on Kansas and Maine were dry but by 1916 2/3 of the states were dry • 1919 18th Amendment – and the Volstead Act in 1920 gave the national Govt power to enforce.

  8. Progressive Era - Women’s Suffrage • Over 70 yrs had passed since the meeting in Seneca Falls • Anti-Suffrage movement started to grow. They had points- the women were powerful enough w/o the vote, it would blur the sexes making them more masculine, women voters would pass prohibition. • In the beginning there were there two groups: • 1) American Women’s Suffrage Association - go state by state to get the vote. • 2) National Women’s Suffrage – they wanted a constitutional Amendment

  9. Progressive Era - Women’s Suffrage • In 1890 they combined into the National American Women’s Suffrage Association • Carrie Chapman Catt and Alice Paul – took over in 1913 and organized a 5000 parade in DC the day before Wilson’s inauguration very successful. • As WWI started and women were helping as much as men. Also Congress adopted the 18th Amendment banning liquor that was one more reason down. • In 1918 congress finally proposed a suffrage amendment, bowing to public pressure and the embarrassment Paul had suffered in jail. • After a battle in Tennessee the 19th Amendment was ratified!!

  10. Progressive Era – Local Reform • Cleveland –Tom Johnson was the mayor. • Toledo – Samuel “Golden rule” Jones • NYC – Seth Low Seth Low Samuel Jones Tom Johnson

  11. Progressive Era – State Reform • Wisconsin –Gov. “Fighting” Bob LaFollette • direct primary • secret ballot • Illinois - Child Labor Laws (Florence Kelly) • New ideas: • Referendum – people vote directly on laws. • Recall– if a public official who is not doing good job before the term is over, people can sign a petition and have a special election – this is an impeachment on a local level • Initiative– people propose a law. Bob LaFollette Florence Kelly

  12. Progressive Era – State Reform • 16th Amendment – graduated income tax • 17th Amendment – direct election of senators • 18th Amendment – Prohibition (1919) • 19th Amendment – Women the vote

  13. 1896 election: McKinley (R) and William Jennings Bryan (D) Spanish-American War (1898) We get Cuba, Philippine Islands, Guam, and Puerto Rico. 1900 election: McKinley again defeated Bryan September 1901 McKinley was assassinated by a crazed anarchist named Czolgosz and Vice President Theodore Roosevelt became president Progressive Era PresidentsWilliam McKinley 1897 -1901

  14. Progressive Era Presidents Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 • The presidency is "a bully pulpit." • His stick was the “Square Deal” which was the 3 C’s: • Control the trusts • Conservation • Consumer protection

  15. Progressive Era Presidents Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 Control the Trusts: • Northern Securities Railroad trust - J.P. Morgan • Elkins Act (1903) – no more secret RR rebates • Hepburn Act (1906) - strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission • During his administrations the Department of Justice instituted 43 suits. And dissolved the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. • 1902 Anthracite Coal strike • 50,000 United Mine Workers of northern Pennsylvania walked out in May, demanding a 10-20% raise, recognition of their union, an eight-hour workday, and fringe benefits. • Roosevelt called the UMW and the coal operators to the White House for a meeting • Teddy threatened "to seize and operate a major industry“. This threat did resolve the Anthracite Coal issue.

  16. Progressive Era Presidents Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 Consumer Protection: • Pure Food and Drug act – this limited that amount of filth in food (i.e. no coke and opium – this is a spin off of the Progressive writers Dr. Harvey Wiley). • Meat Inspection Act – which followed a federal investigation of packing- house conditions prompted by revelations made in Upton Sinclair's novel. • He added the Dept of Labor and Dept. of Commerce to the Cabinet

  17. Progressive Era Presidents Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 Conservation: • National Conservation Commission 1908 • Newlands Act - this stated which govt land could be sold and the $ would go to preservation and reclaiming land. • Antiquities Act– certain public land preserved for national parks • US Forest Service– Gifford Pinchot.

  18. Progressive Era PresidentsWilliam Taft 1909-1913 • Dollar Diplomacy • 1) there is US money over seas we can increase our influence. • 2) We will commit troops to help protect US money. • Trust buster –there were 90 investigations under his presidency. • Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Ballinger-Pinchot affair • Bureau of the mines –Ballinger • Fires Gifford Pinchot (USFS)

  19. Progressive Era PresidentsElection of 1912 • Republican Party was split over many issues in Taft's administration. • Standpatters – The conservatives – called for high tariffs and progressive reform • Progressives – called for low tariffs, more progressive reform. Teddy Roosevelt openly sided with the progressives • The election: • Progressive Party also called the Bull Moose Party - Teddy Roosevelt ran again with a platform called the New Nationalism • The regular Republican convention had nominated Taft • Democratic Party nominated Governor Woodrow Wilson whose platform was called the New Freedom. Blue – Taft Yellow – Teddy Red - Wilson

  20. Clayton Anti Trust act –recognize unions, collective bargaining; the owners cannot just get an injunction, outlawed interlock directorates. Federal Trade Commission - investigate and prevent unfair methods of business competition Underwood Tariff – 1913 - general decrease in the Payne-Aldrich tariff and an income tax to bring in money to compensate for any loss in national revenue. Federal Reserve Act of 1913 - The 1st real national bank set up with a Federal Reserve Board with regional banks around the country to control interest, print money, all commercial banks were part of the reserve - Greenspan Progressive Era Presidents Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921

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