VII Cities

1. VII Cities VII. CITIES A. Effects of Coal as energy source 1. Industry no longer needs water power 2. Industry focuses on access to transportation, labor & market 3. Industrial centers replace commercial ports as largest cities B. Cities grew faster than the country's population 1. agribusiness decreased manpower needed on farms 2. jobs in the city paid a better wage a. more expensive to live in city as well 3. atmosphere drew people to city a. stores offered new fashions and new inventions b. amusements offered excitement i. theaters, newspapers, restaurants, churches

2. 2 C. Immigration adds to city environment 1. 1870-1924 coming from Southern & Eastern Europe 2. increase in technology helps bring new groups a. larger number than ever before b. faster ships, cost less to travel 3. Europe and Mexico are going through same modernization a. landlords evicting tenant farmers b. old style craftsmen replaced by machines 4. Jewish immigrants are persecuted in Russia & Poland 5. Mexicans experience political turmoil and war 6. same people are filling the cities of Canada & S. America

3. 3 D. Social Patterns of Immigration 1. Sojourner thesis - young men, work then return a. especially true with Chinese immigrants i. first arrived with the gold rush of 1849 ii. many stayed to work on the railroads iii. some worked in agriculture after railroads & remained b. notable exceptions i. Jewish immigrants brought families ii Irish women and men came in equal number 2. East coast immigrants same racial background a. children learn English and assimilate easily b. few differences from older residents, religion & alcohol

4. 4 3. West coast immigrants have more problems a. people of color cannot disguise their differences b. Chinese experience the most discrimination i. bad pay, poor jobs, dangerous conditions (railroads) ii. 1871 Los Angeles Chinese Massacre c. most Americans had prejudice towards Chinese E. Ethnic Neighborhoods 1. first develop during the 1840-1870s 2. Immigrants gather together for support a. stores reflect customers b. churches develop around religious beliefs 3. Institutional completeness 4. some refusal to assimilate but usually only in 1st generation