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Single Sign-On 101: Beyond the Hype

Single Sign-On 101: Beyond the Hype. What SSO Can and Can’t Do For Your Business. Outline. Definitions Business Requirements SSO Technologies Authentication Methods SSO Case Studies. Definition. Single Sign-On Fantasy One Password For Everything! Reality

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Single Sign-On 101: Beyond the Hype

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  1. Single Sign-On 101: Beyond the Hype What SSO Can and Can’t Do For Your Business

  2. Outline • Definitions • Business Requirements • SSO Technologies • Authentication Methods • SSO Case Studies Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  3. Definition • Single Sign-On • Fantasy • One Password For Everything! • Reality • Most Systems And Applications Already Have Their Proprietary Login Functionality • Reduced Logins For Discreet Systems • Corporate Systems • Shared Intranet/Web Applications • Web Logon Aggregators Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  4. Business Requirements • Is There A Problem Here? • Mushrooming Passwords • Need For Re-use • “Sticky Note” Password Cache • Unencrypted Text Files On Laptops and PDAs Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  5. Business Requirements • Deceptively Intuitive • Reduce Costs • Increase Security • Increase Efficiency • Increase Convenience • My Boss Told Me I Have To Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  6. Business Requirements • Be Honest About the Cost / Benefit Analysis • Use Hard Numbers • What Does it Cost to Reset a Password? • How Much Time is Spent Logging into Multiple Systems Each Morning? • What is The Real Cost of Integration? • Will Additional Authentication Methods Need to be Purchased? Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  7. Business Requirements • Be Honest About the Cost / Benefit Analysis • Don’t Forget the Ease of Use Factor • Consider Training for Administrators and All Users • QA and Versioning Can Increase TCO Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  8. Business Requirements • Think About the Inside and the Outside • Multiple User Populations Can Increase Costs • Tiered Authentication Levels • At a Minimum Need Secure Password Selection Training for Everyone Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  9. Business Risks • Single Point of Failure • Denial of Service/Lack of Availability • Stolen Credentials via Insecure Implementations • Overly Ambitious Projects • Physical and Network • Complicated Procedures • n-factor Authentication • Square Pegs in Round Holes Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  10. Business Risks • Failure to Consider the Legacy • OS/390, AS/400, Custom Client/Server Applications, RADIUS • Failure to Consider Regulatory Requirements • Financial Services and GLBA • Health Care and HIPAA • Content Providers and COPPA • International Businesses and EU DPD Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  11. Authentication Methods • Declaring and Proving Who or What You Are • Sure, Signing on Once, but What With? • Becomes an Even Larger Question with SSO Because More Systems are Involved Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  12. Authentication Methods • Have, Know, Are • Tokens, Passwords, Fingerprints • Single vs. Multi Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  13. Authentication Methods • Passwords • One Time Passwords • Tokens and SmartCards • PKI • Digital / Machine Fingerprints • Biometrics Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  14. Authentication Protocols and Technologies • Dial-In Users and Wireless (802.1x) • RADIUS • S/390 Mainframes • RACF, ACF2, CA Top-Secret • Unix • PAMs (Pluggable Authentication Modules) • Windows • GINA, Kerberos, NTLM Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  15. SSO Technologies • Traditional Single Sign-On • Password Synchronization • Authentication Platforms • Web Logon Aggregators • NB: Convergence Between Traditional SSO and Authentication Platforms Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  16. SSO Technologies • Traditional Single Sign-On • Allows a User to Login Once, Using a Single Authentication Method to Gain Access to Multiple Hosts and / or Applications • May Also Provide Access Control / Authorization Features • Authorization policies restrict which applications or systems a user has access • And what the user can and can’t do on these applications and systems Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  17. SSO Technologies • Traditional Single Sign-On • Not an Entirely New Concept • Kerberos and Kerberized • RADIUS and Radiized Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  18. Traditional SSO: How It Works • Authenticate Once To Access Many • Login Credentials (ID And Authentication) Usually Stored Locally • Transparently Presented to the System or Application When Needed Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  19. Traditional SSO: How It Works • Single Credential for All Systems • Kerberos Model • Multiple Credentials • Required for Most Heterogeneous Environments Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  20. Traditional SSO: How It Works • APIs And DLLs • Write the SSO Authentication into Each Application or System (compare to: Radiized) • Or Use Replacement DLLs • Scripts • Pieces of Code on the Client That Manage the Login Procedure to Multiple Systems • Cookies • For Web Applications Only Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  21. Traditional SSO: Pros and Cons • Pros • Very Easy to Use • Reduces Support Costs • Reduces Logon Cycles • Cons • Integration of Legacy Can Be Expensive and Time Consuming • Single Point of Attack • Scripting Solutions Often Lead to Storage of Passwords And IDs on the Client Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  22. Traditional SSO: Business Fit • Good Business Fit for • Companies That Want to Simplify the User Experience • Companies That Need to Reduce the Login Cycle Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  23. Traditional SSO: Brand Examples • IBM/Tivoli Global Sign-On • Netegrity SiteMinder • RSA ClearTrust (formerly Securant) Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  24. SSO Technologies • Password Synchronization • Manage Passwords Across Platforms and Systems • Keeps Same Password So User Only Needs to Remember One • When User Changes Her Password, Synchronization Server Automatically Updates User Password on All Available Systems or in the Central Repository Server Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  25. Password Synchronization: How It Works • Distributed • Agents Automatically Reset Passwords on Applications and Systems • Centralized • All Authentication Requests Are Forwarded to a Central Server Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  26. Password Synchronization: Pros and Cons • Pros • User Has Only One Password to Remember • Usually Fairly Easy to Implement • Help Desk Can Reset Passwords to All Systems From Single Console • Cons • Does Not Reduce the Number of Logons • Only Supports Password Authentication Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  27. Password Synchronization: Business Fit • Good Business Fit for • Companies That Only Use Password Authentication • Companies That Don’t Need to Reduce the Login Cycle Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  28. Password Synchronization:Brand Examples • PassGo, InSync (formerly Axent/Symantec) • Courion, Password Courier Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  29. SSO Technologies • Authentication Platforms • Provide a Central Point of Management for Multiple Authentication Schemes • Users Authenticate To A Gateway Using Any Combination of Authentication Methods • Smartcards, PKI, Biometrics etc. • Supports Multi-layer Authentication Policies Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  30. Authentication Platforms: How It Works • Abstracts the Authentication Layer to an Authentication Gateway • All Users Login to this Gateway • Gateway Determines Level / Type of Authentication that is Required Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  31. Authentication Platforms: Pros and Cons • Pros • Eases Integration With Abstracted Authentication Layer • Support for Most Authentication Factors • Cons • Does Not Reduce Number of Logins, Unless SSO is Embedded in the Authentication Platform • Single Point of Attack / Failure • Denial of Service Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  32. Authentication Platforms: Business Fit • Good Business Fit for • Enterprises with Hierarchical, Complex Authentication Requirements • Companies using N-factor Authentication Solutions • Organizations with Regulated Security / Privacy Requirements • Financial Institutions, HealthCare, Government Agencies Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  33. Authentication Platforms:Brand Examples • Bionetrix Authentication Server • Novell Modular Authentication Service (NMAS) • ActivCard (formerly Ankari) • Trinity Server with SSO Functionality Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  34. SSO Technologies • Web Logon Aggregators • One Login, Access Multiple Sites • User Logs into Aggregator Software or Site at Beginning of Session • All Subsequent Logins to Web Sites Visited Are Handled Transparently Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  35. Web Logon Aggregators: How It Works • Credentials Are Cached Either • Locally via Cookies • On Server via State Mechanism • Automatically Presented to Sites as Needed Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  36. Web Logon Aggregators: Pros and Cons • Pros • Ease of Use • Streamlines Web Experience • Cons • Web Only • Sites May Need to Opt In • Outsources Trust to 3rd Party • Loss of Control Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  37. Web Logon Aggregators: Business Fit • Good Business Fit for • Companies Providing Web Interfaces to Customers or Employees • Home Users Who Want to Streamline Their Web Experience Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

  38. Web Logon Aggregators:Brand Examples • .NET / Passport • Liberty Alliance (in process) • Yodlee • Account Aggregator Diana Kelley & Ian Poynter

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