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Lab1& Lab2: Hands-on SiPM with the CAEN Silicon Photomultiplier Kit:

M. Caccia & R. Santoro Universita’ dell’Insubria @ Como m assimo.caccia@uninsubria.it romualdo.santro@uninsubria.it. Lab1& Lab2: Hands-on SiPM with the CAEN Silicon Photomultiplier Kit: a flexible and modular system for sensor testing & education. INFIERI, July 14 th – 25 th , 2014.

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Lab1& Lab2: Hands-on SiPM with the CAEN Silicon Photomultiplier Kit:

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  1. M. Caccia & R. Santoro Universita’ dell’Insubria @ Como massimo.caccia@uninsubria.it romualdo.santro@uninsubria.it Lab1& Lab2: Hands-on SiPM with the CAEN Silicon Photomultiplier Kit: a flexible and modular system for sensor testing & education INFIERI, July 14th – 25th , 2014

  2. Si-Photon Multiplayer • SiPM is a High density (up to 104/mm2 ) matrix of diodes with a common output, working in Geiger-Müller regime • Common bias is applied to all cells (few % over breakdown voltage) • Each cell has its own quenching resistor (from 100kΩto several MΩ) • When a cell is fired an avalanche starts with a multiplicative factor of about 105-106 • The output is a fast signal (trise~ ns; tfall ~ 50 ns) sum of signals produced by individual cells • SiPM works as an analog photon detector typical Signal from SiPM

  3. Si-Photon Multiplayer: Why they are so appealing? • high detection efficiency (single photo-electron discrimination) • compactness and robustness • low operating voltage and power consumption • low cost • withstanding to magnetic field that’s the main reasons why they start to be widely used in different fields i.e. medical applications, homeland security, spectrometry, high energy physics …

  4. …and educational the project was born as a by-product of RAPSODI (RAdiation Protection with Silicon Optoelectronic Devices and Instruments): FP6 founded project

  5. An overview of the kit

  6. The building blocks of the kit: 1. The SP5600: Power Supply and amplification Unit (with a bit of logic on board) • 2 channel mother & daughter architecture • every channel features: • Independent biasing (max 120 V, 100 μA) • 2 stage amplification [500 MHz bandwidth, tunable gain up to ~ 50 db] • discriminator ( ±2V) • active feedback control on Vbias for Gain stabilization (granularity: 0.1 oC) • coincidence logic

  7. The building blocks of the kit: 1. The SP5600: Power Supply and amplification Unit (with a bit of logic on board) • 2 channel mother & daughter architecture • every channel features: • Independent biasing (max 120 V, 100 μA) • 2 stage amplification [500 MHz bandwidth, tunable gain up to ~ 50 db] • discriminator ( ±2V) • active feedback control on Vbias for Gain stabilization (granularity: 0.1 oC) • coincidence logic

  8. The building blocks of the kit: 2. Signal recording: Digitization The 720 desktop Digitizer • Main characteristics • 2channels • stand-alone • 250 Ms/s, 12 bits (up to5 Gs/s) • ±1V input range Featuring the Digital Pulse processor

  9. The building blocks of the kit: 3. The FAST LED, an essential tool for sensor testing Single Photon Timing spectrum • Reference LED: • λpeak= 420 nm • peak current 120 mA • luminous intensity = 9500 mcd @20mA • 30o half-view angle τ~ 5 ns

  10. The building blocks of the kit: 4. The Gamma Ray Spectrometer • 6 x 6 mm2SiPM • 1 CsI crystal, 6 x 6 x 30 mm3 • 137Cs (662 KeV) with ≈ 10% FWHM

  11. > 0.5 ph 0.5 ph 1.5 ph 2.5 ph Threshold scan > 1.5 ph > 2.5 ph The building blocks of the kit: 5. The Cosmic (ray) Tile • 150 x150 x 10 mm3 plastic scintillator tile • wls fiber => 2 channels in coincidence Single channel Dark Count Rate  Count rate in coincidence

  12. The building blocks of the kit: 6. Dedicated LabView Control Software

  13. The Educational project The SiPM kit offers the possibility to perform a series of experiments well suited to undergraduates (& possibly beyond): Hands-on photon counting statistics (it can be introduced and performed at different levels, from an introduction to stochastic processes for [bright] high school students to advanced data analysis aimed for doctoral students) [arXiv:1308.3622] γspectrometry (with a series of classical small experiments) A simple method for measuring after-pulsing [arXiv:1406.6278] Measuring the maximumcountingfrequency in a SiPMbased system forPoissoniandistributedevents [note in preparation] Hands-on Poissonian processes (counting statistics & time domain) [next in line]

  14. More experiments in the pipeline: Cosmic ray experiments [proof of concept] Introduction to PET and TOF-PET [tbc] Exemplary illustration of NonDestructiveTesting [requires an X-ray tube] … and the best is possibly yet to come....

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