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High Blood Pressure and Congestive Heart Failure Topic 7

High Blood Pressure and Congestive Heart Failure Topic 7. What Is Blood Pressure?. The pressure blood exerts on the arteries It can rise and fall throughout the day High blood pressure ( hypertension ) Occurs when blood pressure remains elevated over a period of time

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High Blood Pressure and Congestive Heart Failure Topic 7

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  1. High Blood Pressure and Congestive Heart Failure Topic 7

  2. What Is Blood Pressure? • The pressure blood exerts on the arteries • It can rise and fall throughout the day • High blood pressure (hypertension) • Occurs when blood pressure remains elevated over a period of time • Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) • When the heart works too hard it may lead to a stroke or heart attack

  3. High Blood Pressure Facts • Systolic (top number) • Diastolic (bottom number) • Many individuals will attain their diastolic blood pressure goals once they reach their systolic blood pressure goal • Modifications in lifestyle can aid in improving systolic blood pressure

  4. What Defines High Blood Pressure? • Normal • Systolic: < 120 mm Hg OR • Diastolic: <80 mm Hg • Pre-hypertension • Systolic: 120-139 mm Hg OR • Diastolic: 80-89 mm Hg

  5. What Defines High Blood Pressure? (cont’d) • Stage 1 hypertension • Systolic: 140-159 mm Hg OR • Diastolic: 90-99 mm Hg • Stage 2 hypertension • Systolic : > or equal to 160 mm Hg • Diastolic: > or equal to 100 mm Hg

  6. What Are Some of the Causes of High Blood Pressure? • Chronic kidney disease • Thyroid conditions • Genetics • Drugs (illegal) • Cocaine • Lifestyle • Certain medications • Birth control

  7. Untreated Hypertension • Stroke • Heart failure • Renal failure • Memory trouble

  8. High Blood Pressure: Interventions • Weight loss • Especially if overweight or obese • Physical activity • 30 minutes daily most days of the week • Healthy eating • DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet • Limit sodium intake • 2-4 grams daily • Limit fat intake • Incorporate meat into a meal as “a part” of the meal and not as the “focus” of the meal • Restrict daily alcohol intake • Men=no more than 2 drinks and Women=no more than 1 drink

  9. Nutrition: Sodium in Food Items • Aim to limit/avoid these items: • Table salt • Do not add table salt to food • Limit addition of table salt when cooking • Processed foods • Condiments, sauces and seasonings Tip #1: Purchase canned vegetables packed in water or rinse canned foods such as tuna and canned beans . Tip #2: Flavor foods with sodium free herbs and spices. Tip #3: When dinning out let your server know that you are looking for low salt or no salt items.

  10. Nutrient Claims: Reading Labels • Sodium: • High=more than 300 mg/serving • Moderate=140-300 mg/serving • Low=<140 mg/serving • Very Low=<35 mg/serving • Sodium Free=<5mg/serving • Aim to limit high sodium foods • A high sodium food item may also equate to eating more than a serving size of a moderate or low sodium food item

  11. What Is Heart Failure? • The heart is unable to efficiently pump blood throughout the body • Complications can occur • Lung congestion • Abdominal pain • Ankle swelling • Breathing difficulty • Statistics • Leading cause of cardiovascular disease related deaths • Over 630,000 deaths per year relating to heart disease

  12. Heart Failure: Causes • Previous heart attack • Coronary heart disease • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • Excessive alcohol consumption • Low thyroid function

  13. Heart Failure: Risk Factors • Physical inactivity • Overweight/obesity • Cigarette smoking • Diabetes • Hypertension

  14. Heart Failure: Complications • Edema (collection of fluid) in extremities • Fatigue • Pulmonary edema (collection of fluid in lungs) • Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) • Kidneys can function improperly • Liver can become damaged (scarring) • In some cases, cardiac cachexia (wasting through loss of weight and muscle mass)

  15. Heart Failure: Treatment • Sodium restriction • Diuretics • May include pacemaker or transplant • Certain treatments can improve heart function Untreated heart failure can lead to death!

  16. When Do I See a doctor? • Chest pain? • Fatigue and weakness? • Rapid or irregular heartbeat? • Shortness of breath when you exert yourself or when you lie down? • Reduced ability to exercise? • Persistent cough or wheezing with white/pink colored phlegm? • Swelling in your abdomen, legs, ankles and/or feet? • Difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness? • If the answer to any of these isYES, then see a doctor!

  17. Can Heart Failure Be Prevented? Yes! • Control certain medical conditions: high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes • Stay physically active • Maintain a healthy weight • Reduce and properly manage stress • Stop smoking • Eat healthy foods

  18. Discussion and Questions? Food Model: Show and Tell

  19. Reference Materials • American Heart Association • http://www.americanheart.org • Heart Failure Society of America • http://www.hfsa.org • National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Information Center • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/ • Mayo Clinic (DASH Diet Recipes): • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dash-diet-recipes/RE00089 • DASH Diet • http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/apr97/Dash.htm

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