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Population Policies

Population Policies. Pro-natalist / Expansive (more births). Anti-natalist / Restrictive (fewer births). Why would a country want a pro-natalist policy ?. Expansive Population Policy.

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Population Policies

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  1. Population Policies

  2. Pro-natalist / Expansive (more births) Anti-natalist / Restrictive (fewer births)

  3. Why would a country want a pro-natalist policy ?

  4. ExpansivePopulation Policy • An adequate number of young people for military duty • A large workforce • Sufficient offspring to care for elderly family members • A tax base big enough to pay for the increasing medical and pension costs of seniors • Protection for ethnic groups

  5. U.S.S.R. : pro-natalist Starting on July 8, 1944 the government of the U.S.S.R. began awarding medals to women in order to encourage a high fertility rate.

  6. Why did the government believe there was a need for a pro-natalist policy at this time ?

  7. 3 main categories of medals were presented • Motherhood Medals • Order of the Glory of Motherhood • or • Order of Maternal Glory • Order of Mother Heroine

  8. Motherhood Medal 2nd Class 5 children 8,000,000 awarded

  9. Motherhood Medal 1st Class 6 children 4,000,000 awarded

  10. Order of Maternal Glory 3rd Class 7 children 2,000,000 awarded

  11. Order of Maternal Glory 2nd Class 8 children 1,000,000 awarded

  12. Order of Maternal Glory 1st Class 9 children 500,000 awarded

  13. Order Mother Heroine 10 children 200,000 awarded

  14. Why would a country want an anti-natalist policy ? Anti-natalist policies are sets of rules that were made by countries that are concerned about over-population and the main goal of these policies is to limit and lessen the population growth of a country.

  15. Restrictive Population Policy • A lack of resources to support a growing population

  16. China : anti-natalist 2 different programs in recent years • Later, Longer, Fewer Policy • One ChildPolicy

  17. Later, Longer, Fewer (1971) • get married later in life (mid - late twenties) • wait longer for first baby and in between babies • have fewer, 2 in urban areas & 3 in rural areas

  18. One Child Policy (1979) - rewards start once 1 child contract is signed • Rewards • free medical care • free daycare and schooling • guaranteed job for child • bonuses for parents • extra maternity leave • better housing • bigger old age pension • Penalties • must repay financial • benefits • educational, medical • benefits, & guaranteed • jobs are withdrawn • parents’ wages reduced

  19. Why are improved old age pensions such an important part of the policy ? How did the government persuade its citizens to cooperate ?

  20. 80,000 Family Planning Workers Practice birth control for the revolution

  21. Part of Education Program

  22. Peer pressure is also effectively used to keep birth rates down.

  23. Millions of dollars have been spent on education and on advertising. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

  24. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html Carry out family planning Implement the basic national policy

  25. Clever and pretty healthy and lovely source: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html

  26. Do a good job in family planning to promote economic development

  27. How many missing girls are there in the under 20 categories ?

  28. Little Emperors Any social problems? (Show “One Child Policy” video)

  29. In recent years China has relaxed the rules, and in some cases have even started encouraging two children. In many cases, parents are not taking advantage of this opportunity. Why ? (Show Two Child Policy video clip)

  30. For every 100 of her, there are still 117 boys born. China’s ratio of boys to girls is still dangerously high(March 5, 2013)

  31. Quebec:Pro-natalist 1950’s - one of the highest Fertility Rates in the developed world (Catholic & rural) 1987 - FR of 1.4 (1.7 Canada) & Quebec’s share of Canadian population was decreasing

  32. Why did the fertility rates decrease so drastically ? Why were the issues of lower fertility rate than the Canadian average and the decreasing % of Canadian population in Quebec, so important to the politicians of Quebec ?

  33. 1987 • 1st set of incentives • $500 for each of 1st 2 children • $3000 for each subsequent child • child care facilities improved & expanded • tax free family allowance if 2 or more children • interest free housing loans (up to $7000)

  34. 1992 • 2nd set of incentives • $500 for 1st child • $1000 for 2nd child • $6000 for each subsequent child • other benefits remained the same 1997 Program ended after 10 yrs. of minimal success

  35. 2003 election Parti Quebecois’ platform involved population expansion Bernard Landry couples who have a baby within 5 years of finishing university will get 1/2 their student loan paid off

  36. India Wait until the 1st child is 3 before having your 2nd

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