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Prenatal Care – Module A

Prenatal Care – Module A. NUR 106 Spring, 2005. Anatomical Landmarks. Female Male. External Structures. Internal Structures. Midsagital View. Uterus. Uterine Ligaments. Pelvic Bones. Female Pelvis. Pelvic Types. Muscles of the Pelvic Floor. Male: External and Internal Structures.

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Prenatal Care – Module A

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  1. Prenatal Care – Module A NUR 106 Spring, 2005

  2. Anatomical Landmarks • Female • Male

  3. External Structures

  4. Internal Structures

  5. Midsagital View

  6. Uterus

  7. Uterine Ligaments

  8. Pelvic Bones

  9. Female Pelvis

  10. Pelvic Types

  11. Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

  12. Male: External and Internal Structures

  13. Testis

  14. Testis

  15. Sperm

  16. Female Reproductive Cycle • Ovulation • Menstruation • Menarche • Climacteric • Menopause

  17. Female Reproductive Cycle

  18. Conception and Fetal Development • Nine Month Miracle • Miracle of Life • Internet sites

  19. Conception • Fertility • Sexual intercourse • Pregnancy

  20. Genetics • Chromosomes • Autosomal • Sex • Chromosomal syndromes • Modes of inheritance

  21. Patterns of Inheritance • Dominant • Recessive • X-linked

  22. Nursing Responsibilities • Identify families at risk • Education • Liaison • Support / Crisis intervention • Continuity of care

  23. Teratogens • Tobacco • Alcohol • Marijuana • Cocaine • Heroin • Anticonvulsants • Anticoagulants • Acne medications

  24. Reproductive Ethics • Maternal-fetal conflict • Abortion • Intrauterine fetal surgery • Reproductive assistance • Embryonic stem cell research • Human genome project • Cord blood banking

  25. Fertilization • One spermatozoon enters the ovum • Two nuclei containing the parents’ chromosomes merge • Occurs in the outer third of the fallopian tube • Sex is determined

  26. Multifetal Pregnancy • Dizygotic twinning -- fraternal • Monozygotic twinning -- identical

  27. Implantation • Nidation • Gradual process • Occurs between 6th / 7th and 10th days • Upper part of posterior uterine wall • Placenta develops

  28. Fertilization and Implantation

  29. Amniotic Membranes • Amnion (inner) • Chorion (outer) • Enclose fetus in amniotic fluid • Protects fetus from infectious organisms

  30. Amniotic Sac

  31. Amniotic Fluid • Clear, slightly yellow, alkaline fluid • Approximately 1 liter at term • Derived from • Maternal plasma • Cells of the amnion • Fetal fluids from lung, skin, fetal urine

  32. Functions of Amniotic Fluid • Cushions fetus from trauma • Facilitates fetal movement • Facilitates symmetrical growth • Regulates intrauterine temperature • Provides source of oral fluid • Cushions umbilical cord • Receptacle for fetal substances

  33. Placenta / Function • Fully functional by week 12 • Respiration • Nutrition • Waste removal • Protection • Endocrine

  34. Placenta

  35. Placenta After Delivery

  36. Umbilical Cord • One vein • Two arteries • Wharton’s jelly • Amnion

  37. Placenta and Cord

  38. Umbilical Cord

  39. 12 weeks

  40. 18 Weeks

  41. 4 Months

  42. 5 Months

  43. 30 Weeks

  44. 40 Weeks

  45. Fetal Development • Preembryonic or ovum • Embryonic • Fetal

  46. Fetal Circulation • Ductus venosus • Ductus arteriosus • Foramen ovale

  47. Fetal Circulation

  48. Factors Affecting Fetal Development • Exposure to teratogens • Maternal health habits and lifestyle • Paternal health habits and exposure to environmental influences

  49. Physiological Changes During Pregnancy • Uterus • Ligaments • Cervix • Chadwick’s • Goodell’s • Hegar’s • Breast • Montgomery tubercles • Skin

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