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THE ROMAN EMPIRE

THE ROMAN EMPIRE. UNIT 2 – GREECE & ROME Lecture 5. Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C.– A.D. 500. CHAPTER 6. The Roman Republic. SECTION 1. The Roman Empire. SECTION 2. The Fall of the Roman Empire. SECTION 4. Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization. SECTION 5.

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THE ROMAN EMPIRE

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  1. THE ROMAN EMPIRE UNIT 2 – GREECE & ROMELecture 5

  2. Ancient Rome and Early Christianity,500 B.C.– A.D. 500 CHAPTER 6 The Roman Republic SECTION 1 The Roman Empire SECTION 2 The Fall of the Roman Empire SECTION 4 Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization SECTION 5

  3. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the impact of Ancient Rome and how it continues to impact our lives today. • Objective 4.2: Describe the major events, cultural characteristics, and individuals in the Pax Romana empire. • THEME:The Roman culture will have a significant impact and influence on many other world cultures.

  4. THE ROMAN EMPIRE CHAPTER 6 SECTION 2 The creation of the Roman Empire transforms Roman government, society, economy, and culture

  5. Turmoil came to the Rome following the Punic Wars. • Small farmers couldn’t compete with cheaper agricultural products and slave labor imported from conquered territories. • Farmers lost land to rich landowners and drifted to the cities. • Mobs of poor people rioted in the streets of Rome demanding more power.

  6. THE REPUBLIC COLLAPSES • Economic Turmoil • Gap between rich and poor widens as Roman Republic grows • Farmers, former soldiers, lose to large estates; become homeless • Two tribunes, Tiberius and Gaius, try to help poor, are murdered • Civil war — conflict between groups within same country begins • Military Upheaval • Military becomes less disciplined and disloyal • Soldiers recruited from poor; show loyalty only to their generals

  7. Julius Caesar

  8. JULIUS CAESAR TAKES CONTROL WRITE THIS DOWN! • Military leader Julius Caesar elected consul in 59 B.C. • Caesar, Crassus, Pompey form a triumvirate— a group of three rulers • Military victories give Caesar increasing popularity and power • Pompey fears Caesar’s growing power and challenges him • Caesar defeats Pompey’s armies in Greece, Asia, Spain, Egypt • Caesar is named dictator for life in 44 B.C.

  9. Rome was ripe for a change. The Republic was no more. • Civil war broke out when a successful general, Julius Caesar, moved his army out of Gaul (present day France) and marched toward Rome. • Caesar won the civil war and made himself dictator for life in 48 BC, ending the Roman Republic that had lasted for over 400 years. • Caesar makes reforms: grants wider citizenship, creates jobs for poor

  10. JULIUS CAESAR WRITE THIS DOWN! • Group of senators opposes Caesar; kills him on March 15, 44 B.C. • Caesar was assassinated on the Ides of March (March 15th) in 44 BC by his friend Brutus and other senators opposed to Caesar’s dictatorship. • Brutus and his fellow assassins wanted Rome to return to being a republic.

  11. THE DEATH OF JULIUS CAESAR • History Channel – Coroner’s Report

  12. The Republic, however, was gone forever. • Some people believe Caesar was an arrogant tyrant. • Others give him credit for restoring order at a time when Rome’s republican government was no longer functioning effectively.

  13. Egypt was a potential problem to Rome. • During a trip to Egypt, Caesar had fallen in love with Cleopatra, the young queen of Egypt. • Caesar took her with him to Rome where they had a child. • After Caesar’s death, Cleopatra returned to Egypt.

  14. THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE • Civil war broke out again in Rome after Caesar’s death. • The war arose between Caesar’s supporters and his killers. • Caesar’s friends won the struggle. • 43 B.C., Caesar’s supporters take control; become Second Triumvirate • Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus alliance ends in jealousy, violence • Two of them took control of the empire, Octavian in the west and Antony in the east. WRITE THIS DOWN!

  15. Antony traveled to Egypt. • He too fell in love with Cleopatra and stayed with her in Egypt. • In Rome, Octavian declared war on Antony and Cleopatra • In 31 B.C., Mark Antony and Cleopatra’s forces are defeated at Actium • Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide.

  16. CLEOPATRA • History Channel – Coroner’s Report

  17. OCTAVIAN • This ended the 3,000-year reign of the pharaohs. • Octavian accepts title of Augustus, “exalted one,” and rules Rome • He also kept the title of imperator, “supreme military commander” • This is where the word “emperor” is derived from

  18. Augustus proclaimed himself Rome’s first emperor. • He required his subjects to worship him as a god. • He quietly stripped the Senate of its power, turning Rome into an empire disguised as a republic.

  19. AN EMPIRE IS BORN WRITE THIS DOWN! • Pax Romana • Under Augustus, Rome moves from a republic to an empire • Power no longer resides with citizens, but a single ruler • Rome enjoys 200 years of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana • A Sound Government • Augustus, Rome’s ablest ruler, creates lasting system of government • glorifies Rome with beautiful public buildings • sets up a civil service to administer the empire WRITE THIS DOWN!

  20. The Roman Empire was massive. • At its height, the Roman Empire completely encircled the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Middle East to the British Isles. • Rome’s central location in the Mediterranean made it an ideal location for building a large Mediterranean empire and international trading network.

  21. BUSINESS • Agriculture and Trade • Agriculture most important industry in empire; 90% of Romans farm • Common coin, denarius, makes trade within empire easier • Rome has vast trading network, includes China and India • Network of Roman roads links empire to Persia, Russia

  22. ROMAN ROADS • History Channel – Mankind Story of Us

  23. THE ROMAN WORLD • Slaves and Captivity • Slavery is a significant part of Roman life in both cities and farms • Some slaves become gladiators; forced to fight to death • Gods and Goddesses • Early Romans honor guardian spirits and gods Jupiter, Juno, Minerva • Worship of emperor becomes part of official religion of Rome • Society and Culture • Rich live well; most people are poor, receive grain from government • 150 holidays and Colosseum events created to control the masses

  24. It was said, “All roads lead to Rome.” • The empire had a strong central government that produced massive public works including paved roads, government buildings, baths, sports arenas, and aqueducts. • As the years passed, the Roman Empire weakened, was divided into two parts, and eventually fell to nomadic invaders.

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