Chapter 2

1. Chapter 2 The 13 Colonies and the British Empire

2. Colony Types • Corporate: Investors place money into colony in hopes of making a profit • Example? Jamestown in its early years • Royal: Under direct authority of King • Example? Virginia *after its initial years as a corporate colony • Proprietary: governed by individuals given authority by King • Example? Maryland and Pennsylvania

3. 13 Colonies The darkest colonies are considered the NORTHERN COLONIES. The white colonies are considered the MIDDLE COLONIES. MARYLAND and VIRGINIA are sometimes considered “Chesapeake Colonies.” The shaded colonies are considered the SOUTHERN COLONIES.

4. Maryland • Founder: Lord Baltimore • Religious Atmosphere: Initially Catholic but quickly dominated by Protestants • Maryland Act of Toleration: Religious acceptance for all believers of Christ • Protestant Revolt: Repealed the Act of Toleration and eliminated voting rights for Catholics

5. Virginia • Jamestown Virginia was founded by John Rolfe, but the colony quickly moved from “joint-stock” to royal • Virginia House of Burgess is the first “assembly of elected representatives” in the North American English colonies • Bacon’s Rebellion: Nathaniel Bacon trained a local militia to challenge taxes imposed on poor farmers. It was successful until his passing. **LEARN MORE: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueLdYi1AE-Q

6. One last thing about Virginia! • Headright system: goal was to increase population in Virginia thus stimulating the economy • Under this system, any immigrant that paid for his own passage or any plantation owner that paid for an immigrant’s passage received 50 acres of land!

7. Rhode Island • Founded by Roger William (kicked out of Massachusetts Bay for questioning Puritan ethic) • Champion of true religious tolerance and separation of church and state • Anne Hutchinson, also banished from Mass. Bay, settled in R.I. • Antinomianism: faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation

8. Connecticut • Founder: Thomas Hooker • The colony was founded by unhappy Puritans from the Massachusetts Bay Colony • The first written constitution in the colonies was Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Established a limited representative government with a governor

9. Restoration Colonies • Created to restore the power of the English monarch, Charles II, following a brief period of Puritan rule under Oliver Cromwell. • South Carolina: economy based on furs and providing food for the West Indies; eventually it will become filled with rice plantations maintained by African slaves • North Carolina: not as successful as SC; small tobacco farms; reputation for “democratic views”

10. New York • Taken from the Dutch to unite the New England and Chesapeake Colonies • Charles the II instated his brother (eventual James II) as the governor of New York • Taxes were raised in the colony without discussion with the assembly. This angered many colonists. • New Jersey: Part of the large New York colony was given to Lord Berkley—it became known as New Jersey • NJ was home to many Quakers and became a “religious tolerance” colony

11. Pennsylvania • Founder: William Penn • Holy Experiment: refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people, enact liberal ideas, and generate income/profit • Penn paid Natives for the land he used  • Penn eventually granted the lower colonies of Pennsylvania the ability to govern themselves—this became Delaware

12. Georgia • Founder: James Oglethorpe • Last of the British colonies to be founded • Two main purposes: prevent Spanish Florida from invading SC plantations AND allow English convicts a chance to start anew

13. Religious Revival • Halfway Covenant: Puritans that were viewed as “not religious enough” could take an oath to practice religion in an orthodox fashion and were promised salvation • Temporary fix for Church membership; eventually the Puritan Church will once again lose momentum

14. Colonial Unity • New England Confederation: Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and New Haven unified to create a militia to ward off invading Natives, French and the Dutch

15. King Philip’s War • The Confederation warded off the Wampanogs and leader Metacom (aka King Philip) • Metacom united tribes to fight the English but lost in a terribly bloody battle LEARN MORE: PT1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DCFIJ26EaI PT2:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GMV0OQjGsM&feature=relmfu

16. Navigation Acts • The Navigation Acts were passed by the English Parliament in the seventeenth century. The Acts were originally aimed at excluding the Dutch from the profits made by English trade. • The Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1696 restricted American trade in the following ways; • 1. Only British ships could transport imported and exported goods from the colonies.
2. The only people who were allowed to trade with the colonies had to be British citizens.
3. Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton wool which were produced in the colonies could be exported only to British ports.

17. Navigation Acts • Positives: English shipbuilding prospered, Chesapeake tobacco had a monopoly, English military protected the colonies from French and Spanish attacks • Negatives: Colonial manufacturing was very limited, Chesapeake farms received low prices for their crops, colonists had to pay high prices for English goods. *These Acts were poorly enforced by the British!

18. Slavery • Number of slaves grew rapidly between 1650 and the early 18th c. • half of Virginia’s population & two-thirds of South Carolina’s population • Why? • Wages in England increased = less immigration to colonies • Large plantation owners were disturbed by the political demands of indentured servants • As tobacco prices fell and indigo became more profitable, plantation owners needed a cheap labor source

19. Triangular Trade http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/27991-assignment-discovery-triangular-trade-and-slave-ships-video.htm